The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ὁ | <the> | ο | | | dimisit | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | ihs | Jesus | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | autem | autem | Jesus | ܕܝܢ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | iterum | iterum | again | ܝܫܘܥ | again | πάλιν | again | ||||||
| — | κράξας | having cried | κραξας | | | clamans | clamans | having cried | ܬܘܒ | having cried | κράξας | having cried | ||||||
| — | φωνῇ | in a voice | φωνη | | | uoce | voce | in a voice | ܩܥܐ | in a voice | φωνῇ | in a voice | ||||||
| — | μεγάλῃ | loud | μεγαλη | | | magna | magna | loud | ܒܩܠܐ | loud | μεγάλῃ | loud | ||||||
| — | ἀφῆκεν | yielded up | αφηκεν | | | — | emisit | yielded up | ܪܡܐ | yielded up | ἀφῆκεν | yielded up | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | ||||||
| — | πνεῦμα.¶ | His spirit. | πνα | | | spm | spiritum | His spirit. | ܘܫܒܩ | His spirit. | πνεῦμα | His spirit. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 27:62 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||