The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܪܩܘ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐμπτύσαντες | having spit | — | | | conspuentes | exspuentes | having spit | ܒܦܪܨܘܦܗ | having spit | ἐμπτύσαντες | having spit | ||||||
| — | εἰς | upon | εις | | | in | in | upon | — | — | εἰς | upon | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܘܫܩܠܘ | Him | αὐτόν | Him | ||||||
| — | ἔλαβον | they took | ελαβον | | | acceperunt | acceperunt | they took | ܩܢܝܐ | they took | ἔλαβον | they took | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | κάλαμον | reed | καλαμον | | | harundinem | — | — | ܘܡܚܝܢ | reed | κάλαμον | reed | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | arundinem | and | ܗܘܘ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἔτυπτον | were striking Him | ετυπτον | | | et | et | were striking Him | — | — | ἔτυπτον | were striking Him | ||||||
| — | εἰς | on | εις | | | percutiebant | percutiebant | on | ܠܗ | on | εἰς | on | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | super | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | κεφαλὴν | head | κεφαλην | | | caput | caput | head | ܥܠ | head | κεφαλὴν | head | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | of Him. | αυτου | | | eius | ejus | of Him. | ܪܫܗ | of Him. | αὐτοῦ | of Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 27:62 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||