The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | πῶς | How | πως | | | quomodo | Quomodo | How | ܐܝܟܢܐ | How | Πῶς | How | ||||||
| — | οὖν | then | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | then | ܗܟܝܠ | then | οὖν | then | ||||||
| — | πληρωθῶσιν | may be fulfilled | — | | | conplebuntur | implebuntur | may be fulfilled | ܢܬܡܠܘܢ | may be fulfilled | πληρωθῶσιν | may be fulfilled | ||||||
| — | αἱ | the | αι | | | — | — | — | — | — | αἱ | the | ||||||
| — | γραφαὶ | Scriptures | γραφαι | | | scripturae | Scripturæ | Scriptures | — | — | γραφαί | Scriptures | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quia | quia | that | ܟܬܒܐ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | οὕτως | so | ουτως | | | sic | sic | so | ܕܗܟܢܐ | so | οὕτως | so | ||||||
| — | δεῖ | it must be | δει | | | oportet | oportet | it must be | ܘܠܐ | it must be | δεῖ | it must be | ||||||
| — | γενέσθαι;¶ | being? | γενεσθαι | | | fieri | fieri | being? | ܕܢܗܘܐ | being? | γενέσθαι | being? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 27:62 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||