The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܫܠܡܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | τους | | | magister | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | ||||||
| — | ἀσπασμοὺς | greetings | ασπασμους | | | salutationes | salutationes | greetings | — | — | ἀσπασμοὺς | greetings | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܒܫܘܩܐ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | ταῖς | the | ταις | | | — | — | — | — | — | ταῖς | the | ||||||
| — | ἀγοραῖς | marketplaces | αγοραις | | | foros | foro | marketplaces | ܘܕܢܗܘܘܢ | marketplaces | ἀγοραῖς | marketplaces | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | — | — | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | καλεῖσθαι | to be called | καλεισθαι | | | et | et | to be called | ܡܬܩܪܝܢ | to be called | καλεῖσθαι | to be called | ||||||
| — | ὑπὸ | by | ϋπο | | | uocari | vocari | by | ܡܢ | by | ὑπὸ | by | ||||||
| — | τῶν | <the> | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπων | men | ανθρωπων | | | ab | ab | men | — | — | ἀνθρώπων | men | ||||||
| — | ῥαββί | Rabbi | ραββει | | | hominibus | hominibus | Rabbi | ܐܢܫܐ | Rabbi | Ῥαββί | Rabbi | ||||||
| — | ῥαββί. | Rabbi. | ραββει | | | magister | Rabbi | Rabbi. | ܪܒܝ | Rabbi. | ῥαββί | Rabbi. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 23:30 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||