The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Οὐαὶ | Woe | ουαι | | | uae | Væ | Woe | ܘܝ | Woe | Οὐαὶ | Woe | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν, | to you, | ϋμειν | | | uobis | vobis | to you, | ܤܦܪܐ | to you, | ὑμῖν | to you, | ||||||
| — | γραμματεῖς | scribes | γραμματεις | | | scribae | scribæ | scribes | ܘܦܪܝܫܐ | scribes | γραμματεῖς | scribes | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܢܤܒܝ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | φαρισαιοι | | | pharisaei | pharisæi | Pharisees | — | — | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | ||||||
| — | ὑποκριταί, | hypocrites! | ϋποκριται | | | hypocritae | hypocritæ | hypocrites! | ܒܐܦܐ | hypocrites! | ὑποκριταί | hypocrites! | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | For | οτι | | | quoniam | quia | For | ܕܐܟܠܝܢ | For | ὅτι | For | ||||||
| — | κλείετε | you shut up | — | | | — | clauditis | you shut up | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you shut up | κατεσθίετε | you shut up | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | cluditis | — | — | — | — | τὰς | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλείαν | kingdom | βασιλειαν | | | regnum | regnum | kingdom | ܒܬܐ | kingdom | οἰκίας | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | οὐρανῶν | heavens | ουρανων | | | caelorum | cælorum | heavens | ܕܐܪܡܠܬܐ | heavens | χηρῶν | heavens | ||||||
| — | ἔμπροσθεν | before | — | | | — | ante | before | ܒܥܠܬܐ | before | καὶ | before | ||||||
| — | τῶν | <the> | των | | | coram | — | — | — | — | προφάσει | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπων· | men; | ανθρωπων | | | hominibus | homines | men; | ܕܡܘܪܟܝܢ | men; | μακρὰ | men; | ||||||
| — | ὑμεῖς | You yourselves | ϋμεις | | | uos | vos | You yourselves | ܐܢܬܘܢ | You yourselves | προσευχόμενοι | You yourselves | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | — | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | διὰ | for | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | neither | ουκ | | | non | non | neither | — | — | τοῦτο | neither | ||||||
| — | εἰσέρχεσθε | enter | — | | | introeuntes | intratis | enter | ܡܛܠ | enter | λήψεσθε | enter | ||||||
| — | οὐδὲ | nor even | ουδε | | | nec | nec | nor even | ܗܢܐ | nor even | περισσότερον | nor even | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | those | τους | | | autem | — | — | — | — | κρίμα | those | ||||||
| — | εἰσερχομένους | entering | εισερχομενους | | | introitis | introëuntes | entering | ܬܩܒܠܘܢ | entering | εἰσερχομένους | entering | ||||||
| — | ἀφίετε | do you allow | — | | | sinitis | sinitis | do you allow | ܕܝܢܐ | do you allow | ἀφίετε | do you allow | ||||||
| — | εἰσελθεῖν.¶ | to go in. | εισελθειν | | | introire | intrare | to go in. | ܝܬܝܪܐ | to go in. | εἰσελθεῖν.¶ | to go in. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 23:30 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||