The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Γνοὺς | Having known | γνους | | | sciens | Cognita | Having known | ܝܫܘܥ | Having known | Γνοὺς | Having known | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܕܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | malitiam | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | πονηρίαν | malice | πονηριαν | | | dixit | nequitia | malice | ܒܝܫܘܬܗܘܢ | malice | πονηρίαν | malice | ||||||
| — | αὐτῶν | of them | αυτων | | | eorum | eorum | of them | ܘܐܡܪ | of them | αὐτῶν | of them | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν· | He said; | ειπεν | | | — | ait | He said; | ܡܢܐ | He said; | εἶπεν | He said; | ||||||
| — | τί | Why | τι | | | quid | Quid | Why | ܡܢܤܝܢ | Why | Τί | Why | ||||||
| — | με | Me | με | | | me | me | Me | ܐܢܬܘܢ | Me | με | Me | ||||||
| — | πειράζετε, | do you test, | — | | | teptatis | tentatis | do you test, | ܠܝ | do you test, | πειράζετε | do you test, | ||||||
| — | ὑποκριταί; | hypocrites? | ϋποκρειται | | | hypocritae | hypocritæ | hypocrites? | ܢܤܒܝ | hypocrites? | ὑποκριταί | hypocrites? | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 23:30 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||