The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | εὐθὺς | Immediately | ευθυς | | | continuo | Statimque | Immediately | ܗܘ | Immediately | Εὐθέως | Immediately | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | — | — | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | ἐλάλησεν | spoke | ελαλησεν | | | locutus | locutus est | spoke | ܝܫܘܥ | spoke | ἐλάλησεν | spoke | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | αὐτοῖς | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | est | Jesus | Jesus | ܡܠܠ | Jesus | ὁ | Jesus | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς | to them | αυτοις | | | eis | eis | to them | ܥܡܗܘܢ | to them | Ἰησοῦς | to them | ||||||
| — | λέγων· | saying; | λεγων | | | dicens | dicens | saying | ܘܐܡܪ | saying; | λέγων | saying; | ||||||
| — | θαρσεῖτε· | Take courage! | — | | | fidete | Habete fiduciam | take courage | ܐܬܠܒܒܘ | Take courage! | Θαρσεῖτε | Take courage! | ||||||
| — | ἐγώ | I myself | εγω | | | ergo | ego | I myself | ܐܢܐ | I myself | ἐγώ | I myself | ||||||
| — | εἰμι, | it is, | ειμει | | | sum | sum | it is, | ܐܢܐ | it is, | εἰμι | it is, | ||||||
| — | μὴ | not | μη | | | nolite | nolite | not | ܠܐ | not | μὴ | not | ||||||
| — | φοβεῖσθε.¶ | do fear. | — | | | timere | timere | do fear. | ܬܕܚܠܘܢ | do fear. | φοβεῖσθε | do fear. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 17:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||