The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Οἱ | <the> | οι | | | discipuli | — | — | — | — | Καὶ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | and | δε | | | et | Et | and | ܕܝܢ | but | ἰδόντες | and | ||||||
| — | μαθηταὶ | the disciples | μαθηται | | | uidentes | videntes | the disciples | ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | the disciples | αὐτὸν | the disciples | ||||||
| — | ἰδόντες | having seen | ϊδοντες | | | eum | eum | having seen | ܕܡܗܠܟ | having seen | οἱ | having seen | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | super | super | Him | ܥܠ | Him | μαθηταὶ | Him | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | on | επι | | | mare | mare | on | — | — | ἐπὶ | on | ||||||
| — | τῆς | the | της | | | autem | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | θαλάσσης | sea | θαλασσης | | | ambulantem | ambulantem | sea | ܡܝܐ | sea | θάλασσαν | sea | ||||||
| — | περιπατοῦντα | walking | περιπατουντα | | | turbati | turbati | walking | ܘܐܬܬܙܝܥܘ | walking | περιπατοῦντα | walking | ||||||
| — | ἐταράχθησαν | they were troubled | εταραχθησαν | | | sunt | sunt | they were troubled | ܘܐܡܪܝܢ | they were troubled | ἐταράχθησαν | they were troubled | ||||||
| — | λέγοντες | saying | λεγοντες | | | dicentes | dicentes | saying | ܗܘܘ | saying | λέγοντες | saying | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | — | Quia | that | ܕܚܙܘܐ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | φάντασμά | A ghost | φαντασμα | | | quoniam | phantasma | A ghost | ܗܘ | A ghost | Φάντασμά | A ghost | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν, | it is! | εστιν | | | est | est | it is! | — | — | ἐστιν | it is! | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | fantasma | Et | And | ܕܓܠܐ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἀπὸ | in | απο | | | — | præ | in | ܘܡܢ | in | ἀπὸ | in | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | a | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | φόβου | fear | φοβου | | | timore | timore | fear | ܕܚܠܬܗܘܢ | fear | φόβου | fear | ||||||
| — | ἔκραξαν. | they cried out. | εκραξαν | | | exclamauerunt | clamaverunt | they cried out. | ܩܥܘ | they cried out. | ἔκραξαν | they cried out. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 17:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||