The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܡܚܕܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | εὐθέως | immediately | ευθεως | | | continuo | statim | immediately | — | — | εὐθέως | immediately | ||||||
| — | ἠνάγκασεν | He compelled | ηναγκασεν | | | — | compulit | He compelled | ܐܠܨ | He compelled | ἠνάγκασεν | He compelled | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | — | Jesus | Jesus | ܠܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | ||||||
| — | μαθητὰς | disciples | μαθητας | | | — | — | — | — | — | μαθητὰς | disciples | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | of him | — | | | discipulos | discipulos | of him | ܕܢܤܩܘܢ | of him | ἐμβῆναι | of him | ||||||
| — | ἐμβῆναι | to climb | — | | | ascendere | ascendere | to climb | ܠܤܦܝܢܬܐ | to climb | εἰς | to climb | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | — | in | into | — | — | τὸ | into | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | coegit | — | — | — | — | πλοῖον | the | ||||||
| — | πλοῖον | boat | πλοιον | | | nauem | naviculam | boat | ܘܢܐܙܠܘܢ | boat | καὶ | boat | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܩܕܡܘܗܝ | and | προάγειν | and | ||||||
| — | προάγειν | to go before | προαγιν | | | — | præcedere | to go before | — | — | αὐτὸν | to go before | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | — | | | — | eum | Him | ܠܥܒܪܐ | Him | εἰς | Him | ||||||
| — | εἰς | to | εις | | | trans | trans | to | ܥܕ | to | τὸ | to | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | πέραν | the | ||||||
| — | πέραν | other side | περαν | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἕως | other side | ||||||
| — | ἕως | until | εως | | | — | fretum | until | ܫܪܐ | until | οὗ | until | ||||||
| — | οὗ | that | ου | | | donec | donec | that | ܗܘ | that | ἀπολύσῃ | that | ||||||
| — | ἀπολύσῃ | He may have dismissed | απολυση | | | dimitteret | dimitteret | He may have dismissed | — | — | τοὺς | He may have dismissed | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | τους | | | praecedere | — | — | — | — | ὄχλους | the | ||||||
| — | ὄχλους.¶ | crowds. | οχλους | | | tur | turbas | crowds. | ܠܟܢܫܐ | crowds. | ὄχλους.¶ | crowds. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 17:1 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||