The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | ubi | Et | and | ܘܐܢ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | if | — | | | — | si | if | ܥܝܢܟ | if | ἐὰν | if | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | ὀφθαλμός | eye | οφθαλμος | | | — | oculus | eye | ܡܟܫܠܐ | eye | ὀφθαλμός | eye | ||||||
| — | σου | of you | σου | | | uermis | tuus | your | ܠܟ | of you | σου | of you | ||||||
| — | σκανδαλίζῃ | shall cause to stumble | — | | | — | scandalizat | causes to sin | ܚܨܝܗ | shall cause to stumble | σκανδαλίζῃ | shall cause to stumble | ||||||
| — | σε, | you, | σε | | | — | te | you | ܦܩܚ | you, | σε | you, | ||||||
| — | ἔκβαλε | do cast out | εκβαλε | | | eorum | erue | pluck out | — | — | ἔκβαλε | do cast out | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν· | it; | αυτον | | | — | eum | it | ܗܘ | it; | αὐτόν | it; | ||||||
| — | καλόν | better | καλον | | | — | bonum | good | ܠܟ | better | καλόν | better | ||||||
| — | σέ | for you | — | | | non | est | is | ܕܒܚܕܐ | for you | σοι | for you | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | it is | εστιν | | | — | tibi | for you | ܥܝܢܟ | it is | ἐστὶν | it is | ||||||
| — | μονόφθαλμον | with one eye | μονοφθαλμον | | | — | luscum | one-eyed | ܬܥܘܠ | with one eye | μονόφθαλμον | with one eye | ||||||
| — | εἰσελθεῖν | to enter | εισελθειν | | | morietur | intrare | to enter | ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ | to enter | εἰσελθεῖν | to enter | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | — | in | into | ܕܐܠܗܐ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλείαν | kingdom | βασιλειαν | | | et | regnum | kingdom | ܐܘ | kingdom | βασιλείαν | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεοῦ | of God | θυ | | | — | Dei | of God | ܟܕ | of God | θεοῦ | of God | ||||||
| — | ἢ | than | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἢ | than | ||||||
| — | δύο | two | — | | | ignis | duos | two | — | — | δύο | two | ||||||
| — | ὀφθαλμοὺς | eyes | οφθαλμους | | | — | oculos | eyes | ܠܟ | eyes | ὀφθαλμοὺς | eyes | ||||||
| — | ἔχοντα | having | εχοντα | | | — | habentem | having | ܬܪܬܝܢ | having | ἔχοντα | having | ||||||
| — | βληθῆναι | to be cast | — | | | non | mitti | to be thrown | ܥܝܢܝܢ | to be cast | βληθῆναι | to be cast | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | — | in | into | ܬܦܠ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | γέενναν | hell | — | | | — | gehennam | hell | ܒܓܗܢܐ | hell | γέενναν | hell | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | of the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | ||||||
| — | πυρός | fire | — | | | extinguitur | ignis | of fire | ܕܢܘܪܐ | fire | πυρός | fire | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||