The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܟܠ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ὃς | whoever | ος | | | si | quisquis | whoever | ܡܢ | whoever | ὃς | whoever | ||||||
| — | ἂν | maybe | αν | | | scandalizat | scandalizaverit | maybe | — | — | ἐὰν | maybe | ||||||
| — | σκανδαλίσῃ | shall cause to stumble | — | | | te | unum | shall cause to stumble | ܕܢܟܫܠ | shall cause to stumble | σκανδαλίσῃ | shall cause to stumble | ||||||
| — | ἕνα | one | ενα | | | manus | ex | one | ܠܚܕ | one | ἕνα | one | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of the | των | | | deuilem | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of the | ||||||
| — | μικρῶν | little ones | μεικρων | | | tua | his | little ones | ܡܢ | little ones | μικρῶν | little ones | ||||||
| — | τούτων | these | τουτων | | | abscide | pusillis | these | ܗܠܝܢ | these | τῶν | these | ||||||
| — | τῶν | who | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | πιστευόντων | who | ||||||
| — | πιστευόντων | are believing | — | | | illam | credentibus | are believing | — | — | εἰς | are believing | ||||||
| — | εἰς | in | — | | | bonum | in | in | ܙܥܘܪܐ | in | ἐμέ | in | ||||||
| — | ἐμέ, | Me myself, | — | | | est | me | Me myself, | ܕܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ | Me myself, | καλόν | Me myself, | ||||||
| — | καλόν | better | καλον | | | tibi | bonum | better | ܒܝ | better | ἐστιν | better | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | it is | εστιν | | | mitti | est | it is | ܦܩܚ | it is | αὐτῷ | it is | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | for him | αυτω | | | introire | ei | for him | — | — | μᾶλλον | for him | ||||||
| — | μᾶλλον | rather | μαλλον | | | in | magis | rather | ܗܘܐ | rather | εἰ | rather | ||||||
| — | εἰ | if | ει | | | uitam | si | if | ܠܗ | if | περίκειται | if | ||||||
| — | περίκειται | is put | — | | | quam | circumdaretur | is put | ܐܠܘ | is put | λίθος | is put | ||||||
| — | μύλος | a millstone | — | | | duas | mola | a millstone | ܪܡܝܐ | a millstone | μυλικὸς | a millstone | ||||||
| — | ὀνικὸς | heavy | — | | | manus | asinaria | heavy | — | — | περὶ | heavy | ||||||
| — | περὶ | around | περιεκειτο | | | habentem | collo | around | ܗܘܬ | around | τὸν | around | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τράχηλον | the | ||||||
| — | τράχηλον | neck | τραχηλον | | | ubi | ejus | neck | ܪܚܝܐ | neck | αὐτοῦ | neck | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | of him | αυτου | | | in | et | of him | ܕܚܡܪܐ | of him | καὶ | of him | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | gehennam | in | and | ܒܨܘܪܗ | and | βέβληται | and | ||||||
| — | βέβληται | he has been cast | — | | | — | mare | he has been cast | — | — | εἰς | he has been cast | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | ignis | mitteretur | into | ܘܫܕܐ | into | τὴν | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | est | — | — | — | — | θάλασσαν | the | ||||||
| — | θάλασσαν. | sea. | θαλασσαν | | | inextinguibilis | — | — | ܒܝܡܐ | sea. | θάλασσαν. | sea. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||