The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | ubi | Et | And | ܐܢ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | if | εαν | | | mermis | si | if | ܕܝܢ | if | ἐὰν | if | ||||||
| — | σκανδαλίζῃ | shall cause to stumble | σκανδαλιζη | | | — | scandalizaverit | shall cause to stumble | — | — | σκανδαλίζῃ | shall cause to stumble | ||||||
| — | σε | you | σε | | | — | te | you | ܡܟܫܠܐ | you | σε | you | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | χείρ | hand | χειρ | | | — | manus | hand | ܠܟ | hand | χείρ | hand | ||||||
| — | σου, | of you, | σου | | | — | tua | of you, | ܐܝܕܟ | of you, | σου | of you, | ||||||
| — | ἀπόκοψον | do cut off | αποκοψον | | | eorum | abscide | do cut off | ܦܤܘܩܝܗ | do cut off | ἀπόκοψον | do cut off | ||||||
| — | αὐτήν· | it; | αυτην | | | — | illam | it; | — | — | αὐτήν | it; | ||||||
| — | καλόν | better | καλον | | | — | bonum | better | ܦܩܚ | better | καλόν | better | ||||||
| — | ἐστίν | it is | εστιν | | | non | est | it is | ܗܘ | it is | σοι | it is | ||||||
| — | σε | for you | — | | | — | tibi | for you | ܠܟ | for you | ἐστὶν | for you | ||||||
| — | κυλλὸν | crippled | κυλλον | | | — | debilem | crippled | ܦܫܝܓܐ | crippled | κυλλὸν | crippled | ||||||
| — | εἰσελθεῖν | to enter | — | | | morietur | introire | to enter | — | — | εἰς | to enter | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | — | in | into | ܕܬܥܘܠ | into | τὴν | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | ζωὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | ζωὴν | life | ζωην | | | — | vitam | life | ܠܚܝܐ | life | εἰσελθεῖν | life | ||||||
| — | ἢ | than | η | | | et | — | — | — | — | ἢ | than | ||||||
| — | τὰς | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰς | <the> | ||||||
| — | δύο | two | — | | | — | quam | two | ܟܕ | two | δύο | two | ||||||
| — | χεῖρας | hands | χειρας | | | — | duas | hands | — | — | χεῖρας | hands | ||||||
| — | ἔχοντα | having | εχοντα | | | ignis | manus | having | ܐܝܬ | having | ἔχοντα | having | ||||||
| — | ἀπελθεῖν | to go away | — | | | — | habentem | to go away | ܠܟ | to go away | ἀπελθεῖν | to go away | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | — | ire | into | ܬܪܬܝܢ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | <the> | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | ||||||
| — | γέενναν | hell | γεενναν | | | non | in | hell | ܐܝܕܝܢ | hell | γέενναν | hell | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | — | | | — | gehennam | into | — | — | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | ||||||
| — | πῦρ | fire | πυρ | | | — | in | fire | ܬܐܙܠ | fire | πῦρ | fire | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἄσβεστον. | unquenchable. | ασβεστον | | | extinguetur | ignem inextinguibilem | unquenchable. | ܠܓܗܢܐ | unquenchable. | ἄσβεστον | unquenchable. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||