The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | οἱ | <the> | οι | | | et | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | uenerunt | At | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | ἠγνόουν | they were not understanding | ηγνοουν | | | cafarnaum | illi | they were not understanding | ܠܐ | they were not understanding | ἠγνόουν | they were not understanding | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | qui | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | ||||||
| — | ῥῆμα | declaration | ρημα | | | cum | ignorabant | declaration | ܗܘܘ | declaration | ῥῆμα | declaration | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | domi | verbum | and | ܠܗ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἐφοβοῦντο | they were afraid | εφοβουντο | | | esset | et | they were afraid | ܠܡܠܬܐ | they were afraid | ἐφοβοῦντο | they were afraid | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | in | timebant | Him | ܘܕܚܠܝܢ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | ||||||
| — | ἐπερωτῆσαι.¶ | to ask. | επερωτησαι | | | eos | interrogare eum | to ask. | ܗܘܘ | to ask. | ἐπερωτῆσαι | to ask. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||