Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܫܪܝ	And	Καὶ	And
		—	ἤρξατο	He began	ηρξατο	\|	coepit	cœpit	He began	ܗܘܐ	He began	ἤρξατο	He began
		—	διδάσκειν	to teach	διδασκειν	\|	docere	docere	to teach	ܠܡܠܦܘ	to teach	διδάσκειν	to teach
		—	αὐτοὺς	them	αυτους	\|	—	eos	them	ܐܢܘܢ	them	αὐτούς	them
		—	ὅτι	that	οτι	\|	quoniam	quoniam	that	—	—	ὅτι	that
		—	δεῖ	it is necessary for	δει	\|	oportet	oportet	it is necessary for	ܕܥܬܝܕ	it is necessary for	δεῖ	it is necessary for
		—	τὸν	the	τον	\|	die	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
		—	υἱὸν	Son	ϋϊον	\|	filium	Filium	Son	ܗܘ	Son	υἱὸν	Son
		—	τοῦ	<the>	του	\|	resurgere	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	<the>
		—	ἀνθρώπου	of Man	ανθρωπου	\|	hominis	hominis	of Man	ܒܪܗ	of Man	ἀνθρώπου	of Man
		—	πολλὰ	many things	πολλα	\|	pati	pati	many things	ܕܐܢܫܐ	many things	πολλὰ	many things
		—	παθεῖν	to suffer	παθειν	\|	multa	multa	to suffer	ܕܢܚܫ	to suffer	παθεῖν	to suffer
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܤܓܝ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι	to be rejected	αποδοκιμασθηναι	\|	reprobari	reprobari	to be rejected	ܘܕܢܤܬܠܐ	to be rejected	ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι	to be rejected
		—	ὑπὸ	by	ϋπο	\|	a	a	by	—	—	ἀπὸ	by
		—	τῶν	the	των	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
		—	πρεσβυτέρων	elders	πρεσβυτερων	\|	senioribus	senioribus	elders	ܡܢ	elders	πρεσβυτέρων	elders
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܩܫܝܫܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	τῶν	the	των	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
		—	ἀρχιερέων	chief priests	αρχιερεων	\|	a	a	chief priests	ܘܡܢ	chief priests	ἀρχιερέων	chief priests
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	summis	summis	and	ܪܒܝ	and	καὶ	and
		—	τῶν	the	των	\|	illos	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
		—	γραμματέων	scribes	γραμματεων	\|	sacerdotibus	sacerdotibus	scribes	ܟܗܢܐ	scribes	γραμματέων	scribes
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἀποκτανθῆναι	to be killed	αποκτανθηναι	\|	scribis	scribis	to be killed	ܤܦܪܐ	to be killed	ἀποκτανθῆναι	to be killed
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
		—	μετὰ	after	μετα	\|	—	occidi	after	ܘܢܬܩܛܠ	after	μετὰ	after
		—	τρεῖς	three	τρεις	\|	—	et	three	ܘܠܬܠܬܐ	three	τρεῖς	three
		—	ἡμέρας	days	ημερας	\|	—	post	days	ܝܘܡܝܢ	days	ἡμέρας	days
		—	ἀναστῆναι·	to rise again;	αναστηναι	\|	rertia	tres	to rise again;	ܢܩܘܡ	to rise again;	ἀναστῆναι	to rise again;
	Next Fragment: Mark 8:34
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܫܪܝ	And	Καὶ	And
	—	ἤρξατο	He began	ηρξατο	\|	coepit	cœpit	He began	ܗܘܐ	He began	ἤρξατο	He began
	—	διδάσκειν	to teach	διδασκειν	\|	docere	docere	to teach	ܠܡܠܦܘ	to teach	διδάσκειν	to teach
	—	αὐτοὺς	them	αυτους	\|	—	eos	them	ܐܢܘܢ	them	αὐτούς	them
	—	ὅτι	that	οτι	\|	quoniam	quoniam	that	—	—	ὅτι	that
	—	δεῖ	it is necessary for	δει	\|	oportet	oportet	it is necessary for	ܕܥܬܝܕ	it is necessary for	δεῖ	it is necessary for
	—	τὸν	the	τον	\|	die	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
	—	υἱὸν	Son	ϋϊον	\|	filium	Filium	Son	ܗܘ	Son	υἱὸν	Son
	—	τοῦ	<the>	του	\|	resurgere	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	<the>
	—	ἀνθρώπου	of Man	ανθρωπου	\|	hominis	hominis	of Man	ܒܪܗ	of Man	ἀνθρώπου	of Man
	—	πολλὰ	many things	πολλα	\|	pati	pati	many things	ܕܐܢܫܐ	many things	πολλὰ	many things
	—	παθεῖν	to suffer	παθειν	\|	multa	multa	to suffer	ܕܢܚܫ	to suffer	παθεῖν	to suffer
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܤܓܝ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι	to be rejected	αποδοκιμασθηναι	\|	reprobari	reprobari	to be rejected	ܘܕܢܤܬܠܐ	to be rejected	ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι	to be rejected
	—	ὑπὸ	by	ϋπο	\|	a	a	by	—	—	ἀπὸ	by
	—	τῶν	the	των	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
	—	πρεσβυτέρων	elders	πρεσβυτερων	\|	senioribus	senioribus	elders	ܡܢ	elders	πρεσβυτέρων	elders
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܩܫܝܫܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	τῶν	the	των	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
	—	ἀρχιερέων	chief priests	αρχιερεων	\|	a	a	chief priests	ܘܡܢ	chief priests	ἀρχιερέων	chief priests
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	summis	summis	and	ܪܒܝ	and	καὶ	and
	—	τῶν	the	των	\|	illos	—	—	—	—	τῶν	the
	—	γραμματέων	scribes	γραμματεων	\|	sacerdotibus	sacerdotibus	scribes	ܟܗܢܐ	scribes	γραμματέων	scribes
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἀποκτανθῆναι	to be killed	αποκτανθηναι	\|	scribis	scribis	to be killed	ܤܦܪܐ	to be killed	ἀποκτανθῆναι	to be killed
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
	—	μετὰ	after	μετα	\|	—	occidi	after	ܘܢܬܩܛܠ	after	μετὰ	after
	—	τρεῖς	three	τρεις	\|	—	et	three	ܘܠܬܠܬܐ	three	τρεῖς	three
	—	ἡμέρας	days	ημερας	\|	—	post	days	ܝܘܡܝܢ	days	ἡμέρας	days
	—	ἀναστῆναι·	to rise again;	αναστηναι	\|	rertia	tres	to rise again;	ܢܩܘܡ	to rise again;	ἀναστῆναι	to rise again;
Next Fragment: Mark 8:34
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܫܪܝ

And

Καὶ

And

—

ἤρξατο

He began

ηρξατο

coepit

cœpit

He began

ܗܘܐ

He began

ἤρξατο

He began

—

διδάσκειν

to teach

διδασκειν

docere

to teach

ܠܡܠܦܘ

to teach

διδάσκειν

to teach

—

αὐτοὺς

them

αυτους

—

eos

them

ܐܢܘܢ

them

αὐτούς

them

—

ὅτι

that

οτι

quoniam

that

—

ὅτι

that

—

δεῖ

it is necessary for

δει

oportet

it is necessary for

ܕܥܬܝܕ

it is necessary for

δεῖ

it is necessary for

—

τὸν

the

τον

die

—

τὸν

the

—

υἱὸν

Son

ϋϊον

filium

Filium

Son

ܗܘ

Son

υἱὸν

Son

—

τοῦ

<the>

του

resurgere

—

τοῦ

<the>

—

ἀνθρώπου

of Man

ανθρωπου

hominis

of Man

ܒܪܗ

of Man

ἀνθρώπου

of Man

—

πολλὰ

many things

πολλα

pati

many things

ܕܐܢܫܐ

many things

πολλὰ

many things

—

παθεῖν

to suffer

παθειν

multa

to suffer

ܕܢܚܫ

to suffer

παθεῖν

to suffer

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܤܓܝ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι

to be rejected

αποδοκιμασθηναι

reprobari

to be rejected

ܘܕܢܤܬܠܐ

to be rejected

ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι

to be rejected

—

ὑπὸ

ϋπο

—

ἀπὸ

—

τῶν

the

των

—

τῶν

the

—

πρεσβυτέρων

elders

πρεσβυτερων

senioribus

elders

ܡܢ

elders

πρεσβυτέρων

elders

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܩܫܝܫܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

τῶν

the

των

—

τῶν

the

—

ἀρχιερέων

chief priests

αρχιερεων

chief priests

ܘܡܢ

chief priests

ἀρχιερέων

chief priests

—

καὶ

and

και

summis

and

ܪܒܝ

and

καὶ

and

—

τῶν

the

των

illos

—

τῶν

the

—

γραμματέων

scribes

γραμματεων

sacerdotibus

scribes

ܟܗܢܐ

scribes

γραμματέων

scribes

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܘܡܢ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἀποκτανθῆναι

to be killed

αποκτανθηναι

scribis

to be killed

ܤܦܪܐ

to be killed

ἀποκτανθῆναι

to be killed

—

καὶ

and

και

and

—

καὶ

and

—

μετὰ

after

μετα

—

occidi

after

ܘܢܬܩܛܠ

after

μετὰ

after

—

τρεῖς

three

τρεις

—

three

ܘܠܬܠܬܐ

three

τρεῖς

three

—

ἡμέρας

days

ημερας

—

post

days

ܝܘܡܝܢ

days

ἡμέρας

days

—

ἀναστῆναι·

to rise again;

αναστηναι

rertia

tres

to rise again;

ܢܩܘܡ

to rise again;

ἀναστῆναι

to rise again;

Next Fragment: Mark 8:34

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 8:31

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 8:31

Translation Lineage