The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܦܩܕ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | παρήγγειλεν | He instructed | παρηγγειλεν | | | praecepit | præcepit | He instructed | ܐܢܘܢ | He instructed | παρήγγειλεν | He instructed | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς | to them | αυτοις | | | illis | eis | to them | ܕܠܐ | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | ||||||
| — | ἵνα | that | εινα | | | ne | ne | that | — | — | ἵνα | that | ||||||
| — | μηδὲν | nothing | μηδεν | | | quid | quid | nothing | ܢܫܩܠܘܢ | nothing | μηδὲν | nothing | ||||||
| — | αἴρωσιν | they may take | — | | | tollerent | tollerent | they may take | ܡܕܡ | they may take | αἴρωσιν | they may take | ||||||
| — | εἰς | for the | εις | | | in | in | for the | ܠܐܘܪܚܐ | for the | εἰς | for the | ||||||
| — | ὁδὸν | journey | οδον | | | uiam | via | journey | ܐܠܐ | journey | ὁδόν | journey | ||||||
| — | εἰ | only | ει | | | nisi | nisi | only | ܐܢ | only | εἰ | only | ||||||
| — | μὴ | except | μη | | | — | — | — | — | — | μὴ | except | ||||||
| — | ῥάβδον | a staff | ραβδον | | | uirgam | virgam | a staff | ܫܒܛܐ | a staff | ῥάβδον | a staff | ||||||
| — | μόνον, | alone, | μονον | | | tantum | tantum | alone, | ܒܠܚܘܕ | alone, | μόνον | alone, | ||||||
| — | μὴ | no | — | | | non | non | no | ܠܐ | no | μὴ | no | ||||||
| — | ἄρτον, | bread | — | | | peram | peram | bread | ܬܪܡܠܐ | bread | πήραν | bread | ||||||
| — | μὴ | nor | — | | | non | non | nor | ܘܠܐ | nor | μὴ | nor | ||||||
| — | πήραν, | bag | πηραν | | | panem | panem | bag | ܠܚܡܐ | bag | ἄρτον | bag | ||||||
| — | μὴ | nor | — | | | neque | neque | nor | — | — | μὴ | nor | ||||||
| — | εἰς | in | εις | | | in | in | in | ܘܠܐ | in | εἰς | in | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | ut | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | ζώνην | belt | ζωνην | | | zonam | zona | belt | ܢܚܫܐ | belt | ζώνην | belt | ||||||
| — | χαλκόν, | money, | χαλκον | | | aes | æs | money, | ܒܟܝܤܝܗܘܢ | money, | χαλκόν | money, | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 6:15 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||