The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
αυτοσP4 | He himself | αὐτὸς | He himself | αυτος | | | ipse | Ipse | He himself | ܗܘ | He himself | Αὐτὸς | He himself | |||||
δεP4 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | vero | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
ηδειP4 | knew | ᾔδει | knew | — | | | sciens | sciebat | knew | ܝܕܥ | knew | ᾔδει | knew | |||||
τουσP4 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
διαλογισμουσP4 | thoughts | διαλογισμοὺς | thoughts | διαλογισμους | | | cogitationes | cogitationes | thoughts | — | — | διαλογισμοὺς | thoughts | |||||
αυτωνP4 | of them. | αὐτῶν. | of them. | αυτων | | | eorum | eorum | of them. | ܡܚܫܒܬܗܘܢ | of them. | αὐτῶν | of them. | |||||
ειπενP4 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | ܘܐܡܪ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
δεP4 | He said | εἶπεν | He said | — | | | — | ait | He said | ܠܗܘ | He said | εἶπεν | He said | |||||
τωP4 | now | δὲ | now | — | | | — | homini | now | ܕܝܢ | but | τῷ | now | |||||
ανδριP4 | to the | τῷ | to the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἀνθρώπῳ | to the | |||||
τωP4 | man | ἀνδρὶ | man | — | | | qui | qui | man | ܕܝܒܝܫܐ | man | τῷ | man | |||||
ξηρανP4 | the | τῷ | the | — | | | dicit | — | — | — | — | ξηρὰν | the | |||||
εχοντιP4 | withered | ξηρὰν | withered | — | | | habibat | habebat | withered | — | — | ἔχοντι | withered | |||||
τηνP4 | having | ἔχοντι | having | — | | | manum | manum | having | ܐܝܕܗ | having | τὴν | having | |||||
χειραP4 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | χεῖρα | the | |||||
εγειρεP4 | hand; | χεῖρα· | hand; | χειρα | | | aridam | aridam | hand; | ܩܘܡ | hand; | Ἔγειραι | hand; | |||||
καιP4 | do arise | ἔγειρε | do arise | — | | | surge | Surge | do arise | ܬܐ | do arise | καὶ | do arise | |||||
στηθιP4 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܠܟ | and | στῆθι | and | |||||
εισP4 | do stand | στῆθι | do stand | στηθι | | | sta | sta | do stand | ܠܡܨܥܬ | do stand | εἰς | do stand | |||||
τοP4 | in | εἰς | in | — | | | in | in | in | ܟܢܘܫܬܐ | in | τὸ | in | |||||
μεσονP4 | the | τὸ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | μέσον | the | |||||
καιP4 | midst. | μέσον. | midst. | — | | | medio | medium | midst. | — | — | Ὁ | midst. | |||||
αναστασP4 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | δὲ | <the> | |||||
εστηP4 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | illi | Et | And | ܘܟܕ | And | ἀναστὰς | And | |||||
ἀναστὰςP4 | having risen up | ἀναστὰς | having risen up | αναστας | | | surgens | surgens | having risen up | ܐܬܐ | having risen up | ἔστη | having risen up | |||||
ἔστη.P4 | he stood. | ἔστη. | he stood. | — | | | stetit | stetit | he stood. | ܘܩܡ | he stood. | ἔστη. | he stood. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||