The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
παρετηρουντοP4 | Were closely watching | παρετηροῦντο | Were closely watching | παρετηρουντο | | | obserbabant | Observabant | Were closely watching | ܘܤܦܪܐ | Were closely watching | Παρετήρουν | Were closely watching | |||||
δεP4 | now | δὲ | now | — | | | eum | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
αυτονP4 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | scribae | scribæ | Him | ܢܛܪܝܢ | Him | οἱ | Him | |||||
οιP4 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | γραμματεῖς | the | |||||
γραμματεισP4 | scribes | γραμματεῖς | scribes | γραμματεις | | | et | et | scribes | — | — | καὶ | scribes | |||||
καιP4 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | pharisaei | pharisæi | and | ܗܘܘ | and | οἱ | and | |||||
οιP4 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | Φαρισαῖοι | the | |||||
φαρεισαιοιP4 | Pharisees | Φαρισαῖοι | Pharisees | φαρισαιοι | | | si | si | Pharisees | ܠܗ | Pharisees | εἰ | Pharisees | |||||
ειP4 | whether | εἰ | whether | ει | | | — | in | whether | ܕܐܢ | whether | ἐν | whether | |||||
ενP4 | on | ἐν | on | — | | | sabbato | sabbato | on | ܗܘ | on | τῷ | on | |||||
τωP4 | the | τῷ | the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | σαββάτῳ | the | |||||
σαββατωP4 | Sabbath | σαββάτῳ | Sabbath | σαββατω | | | curaret | curaret | Sabbath | ܕܡܐܤܐ | Sabbath | θεραπεύσει | Sabbath | |||||
θεραπευσειP4 | He heals | θεραπεύει | He heals | θεραπευει | | | ut | ut | He heals | ܒܫܒܬܐ | He heals | ἵνα | He heals | |||||
ιναP4 | that | ἵνα | that | ϊνα | | | inuenirent | invenirent | that | — | — | εὕρωσιν | that | |||||
ευρωσινP4 | they may find reason | εὕρωσιν | they may find reason | ευρωσιν | | | — | unde | they may find reason | ܕܢܫܟܚܘܢ | they may find reason | κατηγορίαν | they may find reason | |||||
κατηγορεινP4 | to accuse | κατηγορεῖν | to accuse | — | | | accusare | accusarent | to accuse | ܢܐܟܠܘܢ | to accuse | αὐτοῦ | to accuse | |||||
αυτουP4 | Him. | αὐτοῦ. | Him. | αυτου | | | eum | eum | Him. | ܩܪܨܘܗܝ | Him. | αὐτοῦ. | Him. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||