Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
ουχP45		Surely	οὐχ	Surely	—	\|	nonne	Nonne	Surely	ܠܐ	Surely	Οὐχ	Surely
ουτοσP45		this	οὗτός	this	—	\|	hic	hic	this	—	—	οὗτός	this
εστινP45		is	ἐστιν	is	—	\|	est	est	is	ܗܘܐ	is	ἐστιν	is
τουP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	et	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
τεκτονοσP45		carpenter,	τέκτων,	carpenter,	—	\|	faber	faber	carpenter,	ܗܢܐ	carpenter,	τέκτων	carpenter,
οP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
υσP45		son	υἱὸς	son	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	υἱὸς	son
τησP45		<the>	τῆς	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Μαρίας	<the>
μαριασP45		of Mary	Μαρίας	of Mary	—	\|	filius	filius	of Mary	ܢܓܪܐ	of Mary	ἀδελφὸς	of Mary
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	mariae	Mariæ	and	ܒܪܗ	and	δὲ	and
αδελφοσP45		brother	ἀδελφὸς	brother	—	\|	frater	frater	brother	—	—	Ἰακώβου	brother
ιακωβουP45		now	δὲ	now	—	\|	iacobi	Jacobi	now	ܕܝܢ	but	καὶ	now
καιP45		of James	Ἰακώβου	of James	—	\|	et	et	of James	ܘܐܚܘܗܝ	of James	Ἰωσῆ	of James
ιωσητοσP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	iosetis	Joseph	and	—	—	καὶ	and
καιP45		of Joses	Ἰωσῆτος	of Joses	—	\|	et	et	of Joses	ܕܝܥܩܘܒ	of Joses	Ἰούδα	of Joses
ιουδαP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	iudae	Judæ	and	ܘܕܝܘܤܐ	and	καὶ	and
καιP45		of Judas	Ἰούδα	of Judas	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Σίμωνος	of Judas
σιμωνοσP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	et	et	and	ܘܕܝܗܘܕܐ	and	Καὶ	and
καιP45		of Simon?	Σίμωνος;	of Simon?	—	\|	simonis	Simonis	of Simon?	ܘܕܫܡܥܘܢ	of Simon?	οὐκ	of Simon?
ουκP45		And	καὶ	And	—	\|	nonne	nonne	And	—	—	εἰσὶν	And
εισινP45		surely	οὐκ	surely	ουκ	\|	et	et	surely	ܘܠܐ	surely	αἱ	surely
αιP45		are	εἰσὶν	are	—	\|	sorores	sorores	are	ܗܐ	are	ἀδελφαὶ	are
αδελφαιP45		the	αἱ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	αὐτοῦ	the
αυτουP45		sisters	ἀδελφαὶ	sisters	—	\|	eius	ejus	sisters	—	—	ὧδε	sisters
ωδεP45		of Him	αὐτοῦ	of Him	—	\|	hic	hic	of Him	ܐܚܘܬܗ	of Him	πρὸς	of Him
προσP45		here	ὧδε	here	—	\|	nobiscum	nobiscum	here	ܬܢܢ	here	ἡμᾶς	here
ημασP45		with	πρὸς	with	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Καὶ	with
καιP45		us?	ἡμᾶς;	us?	—	\|	sunt	sunt	us?	ܠܘܬܢ	us?	ἐσκανδαλίζοντο	us?
καὶP45		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܡܬܟܫܠܝܢ	And	ἐν	And
ἐσκανδαλίζοντοP45		they were offended	ἐσκανδαλίζοντο	they were offended	εσκανδαλιζοντο	\|	scandalizabantur	scandalizabantur	they were offended	—	—	αὐτῷ	they were offended
ἐνP45		by	ἐν	by	εν	\|	in	in	by	ܗܘܘ	by	ἐν	by
αὐτῷ.¶P45		Him.	αὐτῷ.¶	Him.	αυτω	\|	illo	illo	Him.	ܒܗ	Him.	αὐτῷ.¶	Him.
	Next Fragment: Mark 6:15
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
ουχP45		Surely	οὐχ	Surely	—	\|	nonne	Nonne	Surely	ܠܐ	Surely	Οὐχ	Surely
ουτοσP45		this	οὗτός	this	—	\|	hic	hic	this	—	—	οὗτός	this
εστινP45		is	ἐστιν	is	—	\|	est	est	is	ܗܘܐ	is	ἐστιν	is
τουP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	et	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
τεκτονοσP45		carpenter,	τέκτων,	carpenter,	—	\|	faber	faber	carpenter,	ܗܢܐ	carpenter,	τέκτων	carpenter,
οP45		the	ὁ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	ὁ	the
υσP45		son	υἱὸς	son	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	υἱὸς	son
τησP45		<the>	τῆς	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Μαρίας	<the>
μαριασP45		of Mary	Μαρίας	of Mary	—	\|	filius	filius	of Mary	ܢܓܪܐ	of Mary	ἀδελφὸς	of Mary
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	mariae	Mariæ	and	ܒܪܗ	and	δὲ	and
αδελφοσP45		brother	ἀδελφὸς	brother	—	\|	frater	frater	brother	—	—	Ἰακώβου	brother
ιακωβουP45		now	δὲ	now	—	\|	iacobi	Jacobi	now	ܕܝܢ	but	καὶ	now
καιP45		of James	Ἰακώβου	of James	—	\|	et	et	of James	ܘܐܚܘܗܝ	of James	Ἰωσῆ	of James
ιωσητοσP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	iosetis	Joseph	and	—	—	καὶ	and
καιP45		of Joses	Ἰωσῆτος	of Joses	—	\|	et	et	of Joses	ܕܝܥܩܘܒ	of Joses	Ἰούδα	of Joses
ιουδαP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	iudae	Judæ	and	ܘܕܝܘܤܐ	and	καὶ	and
καιP45		of Judas	Ἰούδα	of Judas	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Σίμωνος	of Judas
σιμωνοσP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	et	et	and	ܘܕܝܗܘܕܐ	and	Καὶ	and
καιP45		of Simon?	Σίμωνος;	of Simon?	—	\|	simonis	Simonis	of Simon?	ܘܕܫܡܥܘܢ	of Simon?	οὐκ	of Simon?
ουκP45		And	καὶ	And	—	\|	nonne	nonne	And	—	—	εἰσὶν	And
εισινP45		surely	οὐκ	surely	ουκ	\|	et	et	surely	ܘܠܐ	surely	αἱ	surely
αιP45		are	εἰσὶν	are	—	\|	sorores	sorores	are	ܗܐ	are	ἀδελφαὶ	are
αδελφαιP45		the	αἱ	the	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	αὐτοῦ	the
αυτουP45		sisters	ἀδελφαὶ	sisters	—	\|	eius	ejus	sisters	—	—	ὧδε	sisters
ωδεP45		of Him	αὐτοῦ	of Him	—	\|	hic	hic	of Him	ܐܚܘܬܗ	of Him	πρὸς	of Him
προσP45		here	ὧδε	here	—	\|	nobiscum	nobiscum	here	ܬܢܢ	here	ἡμᾶς	here
ημασP45		with	πρὸς	with	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	Καὶ	with
καιP45		us?	ἡμᾶς;	us?	—	\|	sunt	sunt	us?	ܠܘܬܢ	us?	ἐσκανδαλίζοντο	us?
καὶP45		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܡܬܟܫܠܝܢ	And	ἐν	And
ἐσκανδαλίζοντοP45		they were offended	ἐσκανδαλίζοντο	they were offended	εσκανδαλιζοντο	\|	scandalizabantur	scandalizabantur	they were offended	—	—	αὐτῷ	they were offended
ἐνP45		by	ἐν	by	εν	\|	in	in	by	ܗܘܘ	by	ἐν	by
αὐτῷ.¶P45		Him.	αὐτῷ.¶	Him.	αυτω	\|	illo	illo	Him.	ܒܗ	Him.	αὐτῷ.¶	Him.
	Next Fragment: Mark 6:15
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

ουχP45

Surely

οὐχ

Surely

—

nonne

Nonne

Surely

ܠܐ

Surely

Οὐχ

Surely

ουτοσP45

this

οὗτός

this

—

hic

this

—

οὗτός

this

εστινP45

ἐστιν

—

est

ܗܘܐ

ἐστιν

τουP45

the

ὁ

the

—

ὁ

the

τεκτονοσP45

carpenter,

τέκτων,

carpenter,

—

faber

carpenter,

ܗܢܐ

carpenter,

τέκτων

carpenter,

οP45

the

ὁ

the

—

ὁ

the

υσP45

son

υἱὸς

son

—

υἱὸς

son

τησP45

<the>

τῆς

<the>

—

Μαρίας

<the>

μαριασP45

of Mary

Μαρίας

of Mary

—

filius

of Mary

ܢܓܪܐ

of Mary

ἀδελφὸς

of Mary

καιP45

and

καὶ

and

—

mariae

Mariæ

and

ܒܪܗ

and

δὲ

and

αδελφοσP45

brother

ἀδελφὸς

brother

—

frater

brother

—

Ἰακώβου

brother

ιακωβουP45

now

δὲ

now

—

iacobi

Jacobi

now

ܕܝܢ

but

καὶ

now

καιP45

of James

Ἰακώβου

of James

—

of James

ܘܐܚܘܗܝ

of James

Ἰωσῆ

of James

ιωσητοσP45

and

καὶ

and

—

iosetis

Joseph

and

—

καὶ

and

καιP45

of Joses

Ἰωσῆτος

of Joses

—

of Joses

ܕܝܥܩܘܒ

of Joses

Ἰούδα

of Joses

ιουδαP45

and

καὶ

and

—

iudae

Judæ

and

ܘܕܝܘܤܐ

and

καὶ

and

καιP45

of Judas

Ἰούδα

of Judas

—

Σίμωνος

of Judas

σιμωνοσP45

and

καὶ

and

—

and

ܘܕܝܗܘܕܐ

and

Καὶ

and

καιP45

of Simon?

Σίμωνος;

of Simon?

—

simonis

Simonis

of Simon?

ܘܕܫܡܥܘܢ

of Simon?

οὐκ

of Simon?

ουκP45

And

καὶ

And

—

nonne

And

—

εἰσὶν

And

εισινP45

surely

οὐκ

surely

ουκ

surely

ܘܠܐ

surely

αἱ

surely

αιP45

are

εἰσὶν

are

—

sorores

are

ܗܐ

are

ἀδελφαὶ

are

αδελφαιP45

the

αἱ

the

—

αὐτοῦ

the

αυτουP45

sisters

ἀδελφαὶ

sisters

—

eius

ejus

sisters

—

ὧδε

sisters

ωδεP45

of Him

αὐτοῦ

of Him

—

hic

of Him

ܐܚܘܬܗ

of Him

πρὸς

of Him

προσP45

here

ὧδε

here

—

nobiscum

here

ܬܢܢ

here

ἡμᾶς

here

ημασP45

with

πρὸς

with

—

Καὶ

with

καιP45

us?

ἡμᾶς;

us?

—

sunt

us?

ܠܘܬܢ

us?

ἐσκανδαλίζοντο

us?

καὶP45

And

καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܡܬܟܫܠܝܢ

And

ἐν

And

ἐσκανδαλίζοντοP45

they were offended

ἐσκανδαλίζοντο

they were offended

εσκανδαλιζοντο

scandalizabantur

they were offended

—

αὐτῷ

they were offended

ἐνP45

ἐν

εν

ܗܘܘ

ἐν

αὐτῷ.¶P45

Him.

αὐτῷ.¶

Him.

αυτω

illo

Him.

ܒܗ

Him.

αὐτῷ.¶

Him.

Next Fragment: Mark 6:15

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 6:3

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 6:3

Translation Lineage