Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
καιP45		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	et	And	ܘܟܕ	And	Καὶ	And
γενομενουP45		when was becoming	γενομένου	when was becoming	—	\|	die	facto	when was becoming	ܗܘܬ	when was becoming	γενομένου	when was becoming
σαββατουP45		the Sabbath	σαββάτου	the Sabbath	—	\|	sabbatorum	sabbato	the Sabbath	ܫܒܬܐ	the Sabbath	σαββάτου	the Sabbath
ηρξατοP45		He began	ἤρξατο	He began	ηρξατο	\|	coepit	cœpit	He began	ܫܪܝ	He began	ἤρξατο	He began
ενP45		to teach	διδάσκειν	to teach	διδασκειν	\|	in	in	to teach	—	—	ἐν	to teach
τηιP45		in	ἐν	in	εν	\|	synagogam	synagoga	in	ܠܡܠܦܘ	in	τῇ	in
συναγωγηιP45		the	τῇ	the	τη	\|	docere	docere	the	—	—	συναγωγῇ	the
διδασκεινP45		synagogue;	συναγωγῇ·	synagogue;	συναγωγη	\|	et	et	synagogue;	ܒܟܢܘܫܬܐ	synagogue;	διδάσκειν	synagogue;
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	multi	multi	and	ܘܤܓܝܐܐ	and	καὶ	and
πολλοιP45		<the>	οἱ	<the>	—	\|	audientes	—	—	—	—	πολλοὶ	<the>
ακουοντεσP45		many	πολλοὶ	many	πολλοι	\|	admirabantur	admirabantur	many	ܕܫܡܥܘ	many	ἀκούοντες	many
εξεπλησσοντοP45		hearing	ἀκούοντες	hearing	—	\|	in	in	hearing	ܐܬܕܡܪܘ	hearing	ἐξεπλήσσοντο	hearing
επιP45		were astonished	ἐξεπλήσσοντο	were astonished	εξεπλησσοντο	\|	doctrina	doctrina	were astonished	ܘܐܡܪܝܢ	were astonished	λέγοντες	were astonished
τηP45		saying;	λέγοντες·	saying;	—	\|	eius	ejus	saying;	ܗܘܘ	saying;	Πόθεν	saying;
διδαχηP45		From where	πόθεν	From where	—	\|	dicentes	dicentes	From where	ܐܝܡܟܐ	From where	τούτῳ	From where
αυτουP45		to this man	τούτῳ	to this man	—	\|	unde	Unde	to this man	—	—	ταῦτα	to this man
λεγοντεσP45		these things,	ταῦτα,	these things,	—	\|	huic	huic	these things,	ܠܗ	these things,	Καὶ	these things,
ποθενP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	ipsius	hæc	and	ܗܠܝܢ	and	τίς	and
τουτωιP45		what is	τίς	what is	—	\|	haec	omnia	what is	ܠܗܢܐ	what is	ἡ	what is
ταυταP45		the	ἡ	the	—	\|	et	—	—	—	—	σοφία	the
καιP45		wisdom	σοφία	wisdom	—	\|	quae	quæ	wisdom	ܘܐܝܕܐ	wisdom	ἡ	wisdom
τισP45		which	ἡ	which	—	\|	est	—	—	—	—	δοθεῖσα	which
ηP45		having been given	δοθεῖσα	having been given	—	\|	sapientia	sapientia	having been given	ܗܝ	having been given	αὐτῷ	having been given
σοφιαP45		to Him	τούτῳ	to Him	—	\|	quae	quæ	to Him	ܚܟܡܬܐ	to Him	καὶ	to Him
ηP45		for	ὅτι	for	—	\|	data	data	for	ܕܐܬܝܗܒܬ	for	δυνάμεις	for
δοθεισαP45		even	καὶ	even	—	\|	est	est	even	ܠܗ	even	τοιαῦται	even
τουτωιP45		the	αἱ	the	—	\|	illi	—	—	—	—	διὰ	the
καιP45		miracles	δυνάμεις	miracles	—	\|	et	et	miracles	—	—	τῶν	miracles
αιP45		such	τοιαῦται	such	—	\|	uirtutes	virtutes	such	ܕܚܝܠܐ	such	χειρῶν	such
δυναμεισP45		through	διὰ	through	—	\|	ut	tales	through	ܕܐܝܟ	through	αὐτοῦ	through
τοιαυταιP45		the	τῶν	the	—	\|	iste	—	—	—	—	γίνονται	the
διαP45		hands	χειρῶν	hands	—	\|	per	per	hands	ܗܠܝܢ	hands	χειρῶν	hands
τωνP45		of Him	αὐτοῦ	of Him	αυτου	\|	manus	manus	of Him	ܒܐܝܕܘܗܝ	of Him	αὐτοῦ	of Him
χειρωνP45		are done?	γινόμεναι;	are done?	—	\|	efficiantur	ejus	are done?	ܢܗܘܘܢ	are done?	γινόμεναι;	are done?
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Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
καιP45		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	et	And	ܘܟܕ	And	Καὶ	And
γενομενουP45		when was becoming	γενομένου	when was becoming	—	\|	die	facto	when was becoming	ܗܘܬ	when was becoming	γενομένου	when was becoming
σαββατουP45		the Sabbath	σαββάτου	the Sabbath	—	\|	sabbatorum	sabbato	the Sabbath	ܫܒܬܐ	the Sabbath	σαββάτου	the Sabbath
ηρξατοP45		He began	ἤρξατο	He began	ηρξατο	\|	coepit	cœpit	He began	ܫܪܝ	He began	ἤρξατο	He began
ενP45		to teach	διδάσκειν	to teach	διδασκειν	\|	in	in	to teach	—	—	ἐν	to teach
τηιP45		in	ἐν	in	εν	\|	synagogam	synagoga	in	ܠܡܠܦܘ	in	τῇ	in
συναγωγηιP45		the	τῇ	the	τη	\|	docere	docere	the	—	—	συναγωγῇ	the
διδασκεινP45		synagogue;	συναγωγῇ·	synagogue;	συναγωγη	\|	et	et	synagogue;	ܒܟܢܘܫܬܐ	synagogue;	διδάσκειν	synagogue;
καιP45		and	καὶ	and	και	\|	multi	multi	and	ܘܤܓܝܐܐ	and	καὶ	and
πολλοιP45		<the>	οἱ	<the>	—	\|	audientes	—	—	—	—	πολλοὶ	<the>
ακουοντεσP45		many	πολλοὶ	many	πολλοι	\|	admirabantur	admirabantur	many	ܕܫܡܥܘ	many	ἀκούοντες	many
εξεπλησσοντοP45		hearing	ἀκούοντες	hearing	—	\|	in	in	hearing	ܐܬܕܡܪܘ	hearing	ἐξεπλήσσοντο	hearing
επιP45		were astonished	ἐξεπλήσσοντο	were astonished	εξεπλησσοντο	\|	doctrina	doctrina	were astonished	ܘܐܡܪܝܢ	were astonished	λέγοντες	were astonished
τηP45		saying;	λέγοντες·	saying;	—	\|	eius	ejus	saying;	ܗܘܘ	saying;	Πόθεν	saying;
διδαχηP45		From where	πόθεν	From where	—	\|	dicentes	dicentes	From where	ܐܝܡܟܐ	From where	τούτῳ	From where
αυτουP45		to this man	τούτῳ	to this man	—	\|	unde	Unde	to this man	—	—	ταῦτα	to this man
λεγοντεσP45		these things,	ταῦτα,	these things,	—	\|	huic	huic	these things,	ܠܗ	these things,	Καὶ	these things,
ποθενP45		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	ipsius	hæc	and	ܗܠܝܢ	and	τίς	and
τουτωιP45		what is	τίς	what is	—	\|	haec	omnia	what is	ܠܗܢܐ	what is	ἡ	what is
ταυταP45		the	ἡ	the	—	\|	et	—	—	—	—	σοφία	the
καιP45		wisdom	σοφία	wisdom	—	\|	quae	quæ	wisdom	ܘܐܝܕܐ	wisdom	ἡ	wisdom
τισP45		which	ἡ	which	—	\|	est	—	—	—	—	δοθεῖσα	which
ηP45		having been given	δοθεῖσα	having been given	—	\|	sapientia	sapientia	having been given	ܗܝ	having been given	αὐτῷ	having been given
σοφιαP45		to Him	τούτῳ	to Him	—	\|	quae	quæ	to Him	ܚܟܡܬܐ	to Him	καὶ	to Him
ηP45		for	ὅτι	for	—	\|	data	data	for	ܕܐܬܝܗܒܬ	for	δυνάμεις	for
δοθεισαP45		even	καὶ	even	—	\|	est	est	even	ܠܗ	even	τοιαῦται	even
τουτωιP45		the	αἱ	the	—	\|	illi	—	—	—	—	διὰ	the
καιP45		miracles	δυνάμεις	miracles	—	\|	et	et	miracles	—	—	τῶν	miracles
αιP45		such	τοιαῦται	such	—	\|	uirtutes	virtutes	such	ܕܚܝܠܐ	such	χειρῶν	such
δυναμεισP45		through	διὰ	through	—	\|	ut	tales	through	ܕܐܝܟ	through	αὐτοῦ	through
τοιαυταιP45		the	τῶν	the	—	\|	iste	—	—	—	—	γίνονται	the
διαP45		hands	χειρῶν	hands	—	\|	per	per	hands	ܗܠܝܢ	hands	χειρῶν	hands
τωνP45		of Him	αὐτοῦ	of Him	αυτου	\|	manus	manus	of Him	ܒܐܝܕܘܗܝ	of Him	αὐτοῦ	of Him
χειρωνP45		are done?	γινόμεναι;	are done?	—	\|	efficiantur	ejus	are done?	ܢܗܘܘܢ	are done?	γινόμεναι;	are done?
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Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

καιP45

And

καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܟܕ

And

Καὶ

And

γενομενουP45

when was becoming

γενομένου

when was becoming

—

die

facto

when was becoming

ܗܘܬ

when was becoming

γενομένου

when was becoming

σαββατουP45

the Sabbath

σαββάτου

the Sabbath

—

sabbatorum

sabbato

the Sabbath

ܫܒܬܐ

the Sabbath

σαββάτου

the Sabbath

ηρξατοP45

He began

ἤρξατο

He began

ηρξατο

coepit

cœpit

He began

ܫܪܝ

He began

ἤρξατο

He began

ενP45

to teach

διδάσκειν

to teach

διδασκειν

to teach

—

ἐν

to teach

τηιP45

ἐν

εν

synagogam

synagoga

ܠܡܠܦܘ

τῇ

συναγωγηιP45

the

τῇ

the

τη

docere

the

—

συναγωγῇ

the

διδασκεινP45

synagogue;

συναγωγῇ·

synagogue;

συναγωγη

synagogue;

ܒܟܢܘܫܬܐ

synagogue;

διδάσκειν

synagogue;

καιP45

and

καὶ

and

και

multi

and

ܘܤܓܝܐܐ

and

καὶ

and

πολλοιP45

<the>

οἱ

<the>

—

audientes

—

πολλοὶ

<the>

ακουοντεσP45

many

πολλοὶ

many

πολλοι

admirabantur

many

ܕܫܡܥܘ

many

ἀκούοντες

many

εξεπλησσοντοP45

hearing

ἀκούοντες

hearing

—

hearing

ܐܬܕܡܪܘ

hearing

ἐξεπλήσσοντο

hearing

επιP45

were astonished

ἐξεπλήσσοντο

were astonished

εξεπλησσοντο

doctrina

were astonished

ܘܐܡܪܝܢ

were astonished

λέγοντες

were astonished

τηP45

saying;

λέγοντες·

saying;

—

eius

ejus

saying;

ܗܘܘ

saying;

Πόθεν

saying;

διδαχηP45

From where

πόθεν

From where

—

dicentes

From where

ܐܝܡܟܐ

From where

τούτῳ

From where

αυτουP45

to this man

τούτῳ

to this man

—

unde

Unde

to this man

—

ταῦτα

to this man

λεγοντεσP45

these things,

ταῦτα,

these things,

—

huic

these things,

ܠܗ

these things,

Καὶ

these things,

ποθενP45

and

καὶ

and

—

ipsius

hæc

and

ܗܠܝܢ

and

τίς

and

τουτωιP45

what is

τίς

what is

—

haec

omnia

what is

ܠܗܢܐ

what is

ἡ

what is

ταυταP45

the

ἡ

the

—

σοφία

the

καιP45

wisdom

σοφία

wisdom

—

quae

quæ

wisdom

ܘܐܝܕܐ

wisdom

ἡ

wisdom

τισP45

which

ἡ

which

—

est

—

δοθεῖσα

which

ηP45

having been given

δοθεῖσα

having been given

—

sapientia

having been given

ܗܝ

having been given

αὐτῷ

having been given

σοφιαP45

to Him

τούτῳ

to Him

—

quae

quæ

to Him

ܚܟܡܬܐ

to Him

καὶ

to Him

ηP45

for

ὅτι

for

—

data

for

ܕܐܬܝܗܒܬ

for

δυνάμεις

for

δοθεισαP45

even

καὶ

even

—

est

even

ܠܗ

even

τοιαῦται

even

τουτωιP45

the

αἱ

the

—

illi

—

διὰ

the

καιP45

miracles

δυνάμεις

miracles

—

miracles

—

τῶν

miracles

αιP45

such

τοιαῦται

such

—

uirtutes

virtutes

such

ܕܚܝܠܐ

such

χειρῶν

such

δυναμεισP45

through

διὰ

through

—

tales

through

ܕܐܝܟ

through

αὐτοῦ

through

τοιαυταιP45

the

τῶν

the

—

iste

—

γίνονται

the

διαP45

hands

χειρῶν

hands

—

per

hands

ܗܠܝܢ

hands

χειρῶν

hands

τωνP45

of Him

αὐτοῦ

of Him

αυτου

manus

of Him

ܒܐܝܕܘܗܝ

of Him

αὐτοῦ

of Him

χειρωνP45

are done?

γινόμεναι;

are done?

—

efficiantur

ejus

are done?

ܢܗܘܘܢ

are done?

γινόμεναι;

are done?

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Mark 6:2

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 6:2

Translation Lineage