The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | sed | sed | And | ܐܠܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | εὐθὺς | immediately | — | | | mis | misso | immediately | ܡܚܕܐ | immediately | εὐθέως | immediately | ||||||
| — | ἀποστείλας | having sent | αποστειλας | | | statim | spiculatore | having sent | ܫܕܪ | having sent | ἀποστείλας | having sent | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλεὺς | king | — | | | speculatore | præcepit | king | ܡܠܟܐ | king | βασιλεὺς | king | ||||||
| — | σπεκουλάτορα | an executioner | — | | | — | afferri | an executioner | ܐܤܦܘܩܠܛܪܐ | an executioner | σπεκουλάτορα | an executioner | ||||||
| — | ἐπέταξεν | he commanded | επεταξεν | | | caput | caput | he commanded | ܘܦܩܕ | he commanded | ἐπέταξεν | he commanded | ||||||
| — | ἐνέγκαι | to be brought | — | | | eius | ejus | to be brought | ܕܢܝܬܐ | to be brought | ἐνεχθῆναι | to be brought | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | praecepit | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | κεφαλὴν | head | κεφαλην | | | adferi | — | — | ܪܫܗ | head | κεφαλὴν | head | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ. | of him. | αυτου | | | in | in | of him. | ܕܝܘܚܢܢ | of him. | αὐτοῦ | of him. | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | cum | disco | And | ܘܐܙܠ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἀπελθὼν | having gone | απελθων | | | et | Et | having gone | ܦܤܩܗ | having gone | ἀπελθὼν | having gone | ||||||
| — | ἀπεκεφάλισεν | he beheaded | απεκεφαλισεν | | | decollauit | decollavit | he beheaded | ܪܫܗ | he beheaded | ἀπεκεφάλισεν | he beheaded | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | him | ܕܝܘܚܢܢ | him | αὐτὸν | him | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | — | in | in | ܒܝܬ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | τη | | | abisset | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | φυλακῇ | prison | φυλακη | | | carcerem | carcere | prison | ܐܤܝܪܐ | prison | φυλακῇ | prison | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 6:30 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||