The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | et | And | ܘܟܠ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ὃς | whatever | — | | | — | — | — | ܡܢ | whatever | ὅσοι | whatever | ||||||
| — | ἂν | maybe | — | | | quicumque | quicumque | maybe | ܕܠܐ | maybe | ἂν | maybe | ||||||
| — | τόπος | place | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | μὴ | place | ||||||
| — | μὴ | not | μη | | | non | non | not | ܢܩܒܠܘܢܟܘܢ | not | δέξωνται | not | ||||||
| — | δέξηται | he may receive | — | | | — | — | — | ܘܠܐ | he may receive | ὑμᾶς | he may receive | ||||||
| — | ὑμᾶς | you | ϋμας | | | receperint | receperint | you | ܢܫܡܥܘܢܟܘܢ | you | μηδὲ | you | ||||||
| — | μηδὲ | nor | μηδε | | | — | — | — | ܡܐ | nor | ἀκούσωσιν | nor | ||||||
| — | ἀκούσωσιν | may hear | ακουσωσιν | | | uos | vos | may hear | ܕܢܦܩܝܢ | may hear | ὑμῶν | may hear | ||||||
| — | ὑμῶν, | you, | ϋμων | | | — | — | — | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you, | ἐκπορευόμενοι | you, | ||||||
| — | ἐκπορευόμενοι | departing | εκπορευομενοι | | | nec | nec | departing | — | — | ἐκεῖθεν | departing | ||||||
| — | ἐκεῖθεν | from there | εκειθεν | | | — | — | — | ܡܢ | from there | ἐκτινάξατε | from there | ||||||
| — | ἐκτινάξατε | do shake off | εκτειναξατε | | | audierint | audierint | do shake off | ܬܡܢ | do shake off | τὸν | do shake off | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | χοῦν | the | ||||||
| — | χοῦν | dust | χουν | | | — | — | — | ܦܨܘ | dust | τὸν | dust | ||||||
| — | τὸν | which is | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὑποκάτω | which is | ||||||
| — | ὑποκάτω | under | — | | | uos | vos | under | ܚܠܐ | under | τῶν | under | ||||||
| — | τῶν | the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | ποδῶν | the | ||||||
| — | ποδῶν | feet | ποδων | | | — | — | — | ܕܒܬܚܬܝܐ | feet | ὑμῶν | feet | ||||||
| — | ὑμῶν | of you | ϋμων | | | exeuntes | exeuntes | of you | — | — | εἰς | of you | ||||||
| — | εἰς | for | εις | | | inde | inde | for | ܕܪܓܠܝܟܘܢ | for | μαρτύριον | for | ||||||
| — | μαρτύριον | a testimony | μαρτυριον | | | — | — | — | ܠܤܗܕܘܬܗܘܢ | a testimony | αὐτοῖς | a testimony | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς.¶ | against them. | αυτοις | | | excutite | excutite | against them. | ܘܐܡܝܢ | against them. | Ἀμὴν | against them. | ||||||
| — | Ἀμὴν | Amen | — | | | — | — | — | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | λέγω | Amen | ||||||
| — | λέγω | I say | — | | | puluer | pulverem | I say | ܐܢܐ | I say | ὑμῖν | I say | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν, | to you | — | | | — | — | — | ܠܟܘܢ | to you | ἀνεκτότερον | to you | ||||||
| — | ἀνεκτότερον | more tolerable | — | | | — | de | more tolerable | — | — | ἔσται | more tolerable | ||||||
| — | ἔσται | will be | — | | | — | — | — | ܕܢܗܘܐ | will be | Σοδόμοις | will be | ||||||
| — | Σοδόμοις | for Sodom | — | | | pedum | pedibus | for Sodom | ܢܝܚ | for Sodom | ἢ | for Sodom | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | Γομόρροις | or | ||||||
| — | Γομόρροις | for Gomorrah | — | | | uestrurum | vestris | for Gomorrah | ܘܠܥܡܘܪܐ | for Gomorrah | ἐν | for Gomorrah | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | — | | | — | — | — | ܒܝܘܡܐ | in | ἡμέρᾳ | in | ||||||
| — | ἡμέρᾳ | day | — | | | in | in | day | ܕܕܝܢܐ | day | κρίσεως | day | ||||||
| — | κρίσεως, | of judgment | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἢ | of judgment | ||||||
| — | ἢ | than | — | | | testimonium | — | — | — | — | τῇ | than | ||||||
| — | τῇ | for the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | πόλει | for the | ||||||
| — | πόλει | for city | — | | | — | — | — | ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ | for city | ἐκείνῃ | for city | ||||||
| — | ἐκείνῃ. | that one. | — | | | illis | illis | that one. | ܗܝ | that one. | ἐκείνῃ. | that one. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 6:15 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||