The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ἔλεγεν | He was saying | ελεγεν | | | dicebat | Dicebat | He was saying | ܐܡܪ | He was saying | Ἔλεγεν | He was saying | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ· | to him; | αυτω | | | illi | illi | to him; | ܠܗ | to him; | αὐτῷ | to him; | ||||||
| — | ἔξελθε | do come forth | εξελθε | | | exi | Exi | do come forth | ܓܝܪ | do come forth | Ἔξελθε | do come forth | ||||||
| — | τὸ | you | το | | | ihs | — | — | — | — | τὸ | you | ||||||
| — | πνεῦμα | spirit | πνα | | | — | spiritus | spirit | ܦܘܩ | spirit | πνεῦμα | spirit | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἀκάθαρτον | unclean | ακαθαρτον | | | immunde | immunde | unclean | ܡܢ | unclean | ἀκάθαρτον | unclean | ||||||
| — | ἐκ | out of | εκ | | | ab | ab | out of | ܒܪܢܫܐ | out of | ἐκ | out of | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | spe | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπου.¶ | man! | ανθρωπου | | | homine | homine | man! | ܪܘܚܐ | man! | ἀνθρώπου | man! | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 5:16 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||