The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܩܥܐ | And | καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | κράξας | having cried | κραξας | | | clamans | clamans | ? | ܒܩܠܐ | having cried | κράξας | having cried | ||||||
| — | φωνῇ | in a voice | φωνη | | | uoce | voce | ? | ܪܡܐ | in a voice | φωνῇ | in a voice | ||||||
| — | μεγάλῃ | loud | μεγαλη | | | magna | magna | ? | ܘܐܡܪ | loud | μεγάλῃ | loud | ||||||
| — | λέγει· | he spoke; | — | | | dixit | dixit | said | — | — | εἶπεν | he spoke; | ||||||
| — | τί | What | τι | | | quid | Quid | ? | ܡܐ | What | Τί | What | ||||||
| — | ἐμοὶ | to me myself | εμοι | | | mihi | mihi | ? | ܠܝ | to me myself | ἐμοὶ | to me myself | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܠܟ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | σοί, | to You, | σοι | | | tibi | tibi | ? | ܝܫܘܥ | to You, | σοί | to You, | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦ, | Jesus, | ιηυ | | | ihu | Jesu | Jesus | ܒܪܗ | Jesus, | Ἰησοῦ | Jesus, | ||||||
| — | υἱὲ | Son | ϋιε | | | fili | Fili | ? | ܕܐܠܗܐ | Son | υἱὲ | Son | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | torqueas | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεοῦ | of God | θυ | | | — | Dei | of God | ܡܪܝܡܐ | of God | θεοῦ | of God | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | di | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | ὑψίστου; | Most High? | ϋψιστου | | | excelsi | altissimi | ? | ܡܘܡܐ | Most High? | ὑψίστου | Most High? | ||||||
| — | ὁρκίζω | I adjure | ορκιζω | | | adiuro | adjuro | ? | — | — | Ὁρκίζω | I adjure | ||||||
| — | σε | You | σε | | | te | te | you | ܐܢܐ | You | σε | You | ||||||
| — | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεόν, | by God, | θν | | | per | Deum | God | ܠܟ | by God, | θεόν | by God, | ||||||
| — | μή | not | μη | | | dm | ne | ? | ܒܐܠܗܐ | not | μή | not | ||||||
| — | με | me | με | | | ne | me | me | ܕܠܐ | me | με | me | ||||||
| — | βασανίσῃς. | may torment. | βασανισης | | | me | torqueas | ? | ܬܫܢܩܢܝ | may torment. | βασανίσῃς | may torment. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 5:16 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||