The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܦܤ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐπέτρεψεν | He allowed | — | | | dms | concessit | He allowed | ܠܗܘܢ | He allowed | ἐπέτρεψεν | He allowed | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς | them | — | | | — | eis | them | — | — | αὐτοῖς | them | ||||||
| — | εὐθέως | immediately | ευθεως | | | statim | statim | immediately | ܘܢܦܩ | immediately | εὐθέως | immediately | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | — | | | mari | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς. | Jesus. | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus. | ܪܘܚܐ | Jesus. | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus. | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | — | | | et | Et | And | — | — | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐξελθόντα | having gone out | — | | | exeuntes | exeuntes | having gone out | ܗܠܝܢ | having gone out | ἐξελθόντα | having gone out | ||||||
| — | τὰ | the | — | | | misit | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | ||||||
| — | πνεύματα | spirits | — | | | eos | spiritus | spirits | ܛܢܦܬܐ | spirits | πνεύματα | spirits | ||||||
| — | τὰ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἀκάθαρτα | unclean | — | | | immundi | immundi | unclean | — | — | ἀκάθαρτα | unclean | ||||||
| — | εἰσῆλθον | entered | — | | | in | introierunt | entered | ܘܥܠ | entered | εἰσῆλθον | entered | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | intrauerunt | in | into | ܒܚܙܝܪܐ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τοὺς | the | τους | | | sps | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | ||||||
| — | χοίρους, | pigs, | χοιρους | | | porcos | porcos | pigs, | — | — | χοίρους | pigs, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܪܗܛܬ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ὥρμησεν | rushed | — | | | porcos | magno | rushed | ܗܝ | rushed | ὥρμησεν | rushed | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | ἀγέλη | herd | — | | | praecipitatus | impetu | herd | ܒܩܪܐ | herd | ἀγέλη | herd | ||||||
| — | κατὰ | down | — | | | grex | grex | down | — | — | κατὰ | down | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | — | | | sper | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | κρημνοῦ | steep bank | — | | | — | præcipitatus | steep bank | ܠܫܩܝܦܐ | steep bank | κρημνοῦ | steep bank | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | est | est | into | ܘܢܦܠܬ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | — | | | praeceps | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | θάλασσαν | sea | — | | | in | in | sea | — | — | θάλασσαν | sea | ||||||
| — | ἦσαν | were | — | | | mare | mare | were | ܒܝܡܐ | were | ἦσαν | were | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | — | | | ad | ad | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | ||||||
| — | ὡς | about | — | | | duo | duo | about | — | — | ὡς | about | ||||||
| — | δισχίλιοι | two thousand | — | | | milia | millia | two thousand | ܬܪܝܢ | two thousand | δισχίλιοι | two thousand | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܠܦܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἐπνίγοντο | they were drowned | επνιγοντο | | | suffocati | suffocati | they were drowned | — | — | ἐπνίγοντο | they were drowned | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | sunt | sunt | in | ܘܐܬܚܢܩܘ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | τη | | | in | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | θαλάσσῃ. | sea. | θαλασση | | | in | in | sea. | ܒܡܝܐ | sea. | θαλάσσῃ | sea. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 5:16 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||