The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܡܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγεν | He was saying | ελεγεν | | | dicebat | dicebat | He was saying | ܗܘܐ | He was saying | ἔλεγεν | He was saying | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them: | — | | | qui | Qui | to them: | ܡܢ | to them: | Ὁ | to them: | ||||||
| — | ὃς | He who | ος | | | et | — | — | ܕܐܝܬ | He who | ἔχων | He who | ||||||
| — | ἔχει | has | εχι | | | habet | habet | has | ܠܗ | has | ὦτα | has | ||||||
| — | ὦτα | ears | ωτα | | | aures | aures | ears | ܐܕܢܐ | ears | ἀκούειν | ears | ||||||
| — | ἀκούειν | to hear | ακουειν | | | audiendi | audiendi | to hear | ܕܢܫܡܥ | to hear | ἀκουέτω | to hear | ||||||
| — | ἀκουέτω.¶ | he should hear. | ακουετω | | | audiat | audiat | he should hear. | ܢܫܡܥ | he should hear. | ἀκουέτω.¶ | he should hear. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||