The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | οὐ | Nothing | ου | | | non | Non | not | ܠܝܬ | Nothing | Οὐ | Nothing | ||||||
| — | γάρ | for | γαρ | | | est | est | is | ܓܝܪ | for | γάρ | for | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | there is | εστιν | | | enim | enim | ? | ܓܝܪ | there is | ἐστίν | there is | ||||||
| — | τί | anything | — | | | sed | aliquid | ? | ܡܕܡ | anything | τι | anything | ||||||
| — | κρυπτόν | hidden | κρυπτον | | | absconditum | absconditum | ? | — | — | κρυπτόν | hidden | ||||||
| — | ὃ | which | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὃ | which | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | only | — | | | — | quod | which/that | — | — | ἐὰν | only | ||||||
| — | μὴ | unless | — | | | manifestetur | non | not | ܕܠܐ | unless | μὴ | unless | ||||||
| — | ἵνα | in order | — | | | ut | manifestetur | ? | — | — | φανερωθῇ | in order | ||||||
| — | φανερωθῇ, | it shall be made manifest, | — | | | nec | nec | ? | ܢܬܓܠܐ | it shall be made manifest, | οὐδὲ | it shall be made manifest, | ||||||
| — | οὐδὲ | nor | — | | | factum | factum | ? | ܘܠܐ | nor | ἐγένετο | nor | ||||||
| — | ἐγένετο | has taken place | — | | | est | est | is | — | — | ἀπόκρυφον | has taken place | ||||||
| — | ἀπόκρυφον | a secret thing | — | | | occultum | occultum | ? | ܗܘܐ | a secret thing | ἀλλ’ | a secret thing | ||||||
| — | ἀλλ᾽ | but | αλλ | | | sed | sed | but | — | — | ἵνα | but | ||||||
| — | ἵνα | that | ινα | | | ut | ut | that/so that | ܒܛܘܫܝܐ | that | εἰς | that | ||||||
| — | ἔλθῃ | it shall come | ελθη | | | in | in | in | ܘܠܐ | it shall come | φανερὸν | it shall come | ||||||
| — | εἰς | to | εις | | | palam | palam | ? | — | — | ἔλθῃ | to | ||||||
| — | φανερόν. | light. | φανερον | | | ueniat | veniat | ? | ܡܬܓܠܐ | light. | φανερόν. | light. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||