The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܠܝܬ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܠܗܘܢ | not | οὐκ | not | ||||||
| — | ἔχουσιν | they have | εχουσιν | | | habent | habent | they have | ܥܩܪܐ | they have | ἔχουσιν | they have | ||||||
| — | ῥίζαν | root | ριζαν | | | radicem | radicem | root | ܒܢܦܫܗܘܢ | root | ῥίζαν | root | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | — | — | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | ἑαυτοῖς | themselves | εαυτοις | | | se | se | themselves | ܐܠܐ | themselves | ἑαυτοῖς | themselves | ||||||
| — | ἀλλὰ | but | αλλα | | | sed | sed | but | ܐܠܐ | but | ἀλλὰ | but | ||||||
| — | πρόσκαιροί | temporary | προσκαιροι | | | temporalis | temporales | temporary | ܐܢܘܢ | temporary | πρόσκαιροί | temporary | ||||||
| — | εἰσιν. | are. | εισιν | | | sunt | sunt | are. | ܘܡܐ | are. | εἰσιν | are. | ||||||
| — | εἶτα | then | ειτα | | | deinde | deinde | then | ܕܗܘܐ | then | εἶτα | then | ||||||
| — | γενομένης | when was happening | γενομενης | | | facta | orta | when was happening | ܐܘܠܨܢܐ | when was happening | γενομένης | when was happening | ||||||
| — | θλίψεως | tribulation | θλιψεως | | | tribulatione | tribulatione | tribulation | ܐܘ | tribulation | θλίψεως | tribulation | ||||||
| — | ἢ | or | — | | | et | — | — | — | — | ἢ | or | ||||||
| — | διωγμοῦ | persecution | διωγμου | | | persecutione | persecutione | persecution | — | — | διωγμοῦ | persecution | ||||||
| — | διὰ | on account of | δια | | | propter | propter | on account of | ܡܛܠ | on account of | διὰ | on account of | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | λόγον, | word, | λογον | | | uerbum | verbum | word, | ܡܠܬܐ | word, | λόγον | word, | ||||||
| — | εὐθὺς | immediately | — | | | confestim | confestim | immediately | ܥܓܠ | immediately | εὐθέως | immediately | ||||||
| — | σκανδαλίζονται. | they fall away. | — | | | scandalizabuntur | scandalizantur | they fall away. | ܡܬܟܫܠܝܢ | they fall away. | σκανδαλίζονται | they fall away. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||