The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܡܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγεν | He was saying | — | | | dicitur | dicebat | He was saying | ܠܗܘܢ | He was saying | ἔλεγεν | He was saying | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | ait | eis | to them; | ܝܫܘܥ | to them; | αὐτοῖς | to them; | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν | To you | ϋμειν | | | uobis | Vobis | To you | ܠܟܘܢ | To you | Ὑμῖν | To you | ||||||
| — | γνῶναι | to know | — | | | datum | datum | to know | ܝܗܝܒ | to know | δέδοται | to know | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | — | | | parabolis | — | — | — | — | γνῶναι | the | ||||||
| — | μυστήριον | mystery | — | | | est | est | mystery | ܠܡܕܥ | mystery | τὸ | mystery | ||||||
| — | δέδοται | has been given | δεδοται | | | — | nosse | has been given | ܐܪܙܐ | has been given | μυστήριον | has been given | ||||||
| — | τῆς | of the | της | | | omnia | — | — | — | — | τῆς | of the | ||||||
| — | βασιλείας | kingdom | βασιλειας | | | mysterium | mysterium | kingdom | — | — | βασιλείας | kingdom | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | cognoscere | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεοῦ, | of God, | θυ | | | regni | regni | of God, | ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ | of God, | θεοῦ | of God, | ||||||
| — | ἐκείνοις | To those | εκεινοις | | | dei | Dei | To those | ܕܐܠܗܐ | To those | ἐκείνοις | To those | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | δε | | | illis | illis | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | who are | τοις | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | who are | ||||||
| — | ἔξω | outside | εξω | | | autem | autem | outside | ܕܝܢ | outside | ἔξω | outside | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | qui | qui | in | ܟܠ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | παραβολαῖς | parables | παραβολαις | | | foris | foris | parables | ܡܕܡ | parables | παραβολαῖς | parables | ||||||
| — | τὰ | <the> | — | | | illis | — | — | — | — | τὰ | <the> | ||||||
| — | πάντα | everything | παντα | | | sunt | sunt | everything | ܒܡܬܠܐ | everything | πάντα | everything | ||||||
| — | γίνεται | is done | — | | | in | in | is done | ܗܘܐ | is done | γίνεται | is done | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||