Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἀπὸ	from	απο	\|	ab	ab	from	ܐܘܪܫܠܡ	from	ἀπὸ	from
		—	Ἱεροσολύμων	Jerusalem	ϊεροσολυμων	\|	hierosolymis	Jerosolymis	Jerusalem	ܘܡܢ	Jerusalem	Ἱεροσολύμων	Jerusalem
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
		—	ἀπὸ	from	—	\|	ab	ab	from	ܐܕܘܡ	from	ἀπὸ	from
		—	τῆς	<the>	της	\|	eum	—	—	—	—	τῆς	<the>
		—	Ἰδουμαίας	Idumea	—	\|	idumea	Idumæa	Idumea	ܘܡܢ	Idumea	Ἰδουμαίας	Idumea
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܥܒܪܐ	and	καὶ	and
		—	πέραν	beyond	—	\|	trans	trans	beyond	ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ	beyond	πέραν	beyond
		—	τοῦ	the	—	\|	circa	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	the
		—	Ἰορδάνου	Jordan	—	\|	iordanen	Jordanem	Jordan	ܘܡܢ	Jordan	Ἰορδάνου	Jordan
		—	καὶ	and	—	\|	et	et	and	ܨܘܪ	and	καὶ	and
		—	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	<the>
		—	περὶ	around	—	\|	—	qui	around	—	—	περὶ	around
		—	Τύρον	Tyre	—	\|	circa	circa	Tyre	ܘܡܢ	Tyre	Τύρον	Tyre
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	tyrum	Tyrum	and	ܨܝܕܢ	and	καὶ	and
		—	Σιδῶνα,	Sidon,	σιδωνα	\|	et	et	Sidon,	ܟܢܫܐ	Sidon,	Σιδῶνα	Sidon,
		—	πλῆθος	A multitude	πληθος	\|	sidonem	Sidonem	A multitude	ܤܓܝܐܐ	A multitude	πλῆθος	A multitude
		—	πολὺ	great	πολυ	\|	multitudo	multitudo	great	ܕܫܡܥܘ	great	πολύ	great
		—	ἀκούοντες	having heard	—	\|	magna	magna	having heard	ܗܘܘ	having heard	ἀκούσαντες	having heard
		—	ὅσα	as much as	—	\|	audientes	audientes	as much as	—	—	ὅσα	as much as
		—	ἐποίει	He was doing	εποιει	\|	quae	quæ	He was doing	ܟܠ	He was doing	ἐποίει	He was doing
		—	ἦλθον	came	—	\|	facieban	faciebat	came	ܕܥܒܕ	came	ἦλθον	came
		—	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	uenerunt	venerunt	to	ܐܬܘ	to	πρὸς	to
		—	αὐτόν.¶	Him.	αυτον	\|	ad	ad	Him.	ܠܘܬܗ	Him.	αὐτόν	Him.
	Next Fragment: Mark 4:33
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἀπὸ	from	απο	\|	ab	ab	from	ܐܘܪܫܠܡ	from	ἀπὸ	from
	—	Ἱεροσολύμων	Jerusalem	ϊεροσολυμων	\|	hierosolymis	Jerosolymis	Jerusalem	ܘܡܢ	Jerusalem	Ἱεροσολύμων	Jerusalem
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	—	—	καὶ	and
	—	ἀπὸ	from	—	\|	ab	ab	from	ܐܕܘܡ	from	ἀπὸ	from
	—	τῆς	<the>	της	\|	eum	—	—	—	—	τῆς	<the>
	—	Ἰδουμαίας	Idumea	—	\|	idumea	Idumæa	Idumea	ܘܡܢ	Idumea	Ἰδουμαίας	Idumea
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	et	et	and	ܥܒܪܐ	and	καὶ	and
	—	πέραν	beyond	—	\|	trans	trans	beyond	ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ	beyond	πέραν	beyond
	—	τοῦ	the	—	\|	circa	—	—	—	—	τοῦ	the
	—	Ἰορδάνου	Jordan	—	\|	iordanen	Jordanem	Jordan	ܘܡܢ	Jordan	Ἰορδάνου	Jordan
	—	καὶ	and	—	\|	et	et	and	ܨܘܪ	and	καὶ	and
	—	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	—	—	—	—	—	οἱ	<the>
	—	περὶ	around	—	\|	—	qui	around	—	—	περὶ	around
	—	Τύρον	Tyre	—	\|	circa	circa	Tyre	ܘܡܢ	Tyre	Τύρον	Tyre
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	tyrum	Tyrum	and	ܨܝܕܢ	and	καὶ	and
	—	Σιδῶνα,	Sidon,	σιδωνα	\|	et	et	Sidon,	ܟܢܫܐ	Sidon,	Σιδῶνα	Sidon,
	—	πλῆθος	A multitude	πληθος	\|	sidonem	Sidonem	A multitude	ܤܓܝܐܐ	A multitude	πλῆθος	A multitude
	—	πολὺ	great	πολυ	\|	multitudo	multitudo	great	ܕܫܡܥܘ	great	πολύ	great
	—	ἀκούοντες	having heard	—	\|	magna	magna	having heard	ܗܘܘ	having heard	ἀκούσαντες	having heard
	—	ὅσα	as much as	—	\|	audientes	audientes	as much as	—	—	ὅσα	as much as
	—	ἐποίει	He was doing	εποιει	\|	quae	quæ	He was doing	ܟܠ	He was doing	ἐποίει	He was doing
	—	ἦλθον	came	—	\|	facieban	faciebat	came	ܕܥܒܕ	came	ἦλθον	came
	—	πρὸς	to	προς	\|	uenerunt	venerunt	to	ܐܬܘ	to	πρὸς	to
	—	αὐτόν.¶	Him.	αυτον	\|	ad	ad	Him.	ܠܘܬܗ	Him.	αὐτόν	Him.
Next Fragment: Mark 4:33
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܘܡܢ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἀπὸ

from

απο

from

ܐܘܪܫܠܡ

from

ἀπὸ

from

—

Ἱεροσολύμων

Jerusalem

ϊεροσολυμων

hierosolymis

Jerosolymis

Jerusalem

ܘܡܢ

Jerusalem

Ἱεροσολύμων

Jerusalem

—

καὶ

and

και

and

—

καὶ

and

—

ἀπὸ

from

—

from

ܐܕܘܡ

from

ἀπὸ

from

—

τῆς

<the>

της

eum

—

τῆς

<the>

—

Ἰδουμαίας

Idumea

—

idumea

Idumæa

Idumea

ܘܡܢ

Idumea

Ἰδουμαίας

Idumea

—

καὶ

and

και

and

ܥܒܪܐ

and

καὶ

and

—

πέραν

beyond

—

trans

beyond

ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ

beyond

πέραν

beyond

—

τοῦ

the

—

circa

—

τοῦ

the

—

Ἰορδάνου

Jordan

—

iordanen

Jordanem

Jordan

ܘܡܢ

Jordan

Ἰορδάνου

Jordan

—

καὶ

and

—

and

ܨܘܪ

and

καὶ

and

—

οἱ

<the>

οι

—

οἱ

<the>

—

περὶ

around

—

qui

around

—

περὶ

around

—

Τύρον

Tyre

—

circa

Tyre

ܘܡܢ

Tyre

Τύρον

Tyre

—

καὶ

and

και

tyrum

Tyrum

and

ܨܝܕܢ

and

καὶ

and

—

Σιδῶνα,

Sidon,

σιδωνα

Sidon,

ܟܢܫܐ

Sidon,

Σιδῶνα

Sidon,

—

πλῆθος

A multitude

πληθος

sidonem

Sidonem

A multitude

ܤܓܝܐܐ

A multitude

πλῆθος

A multitude

—

πολὺ

great

πολυ

multitudo

great

ܕܫܡܥܘ

great

πολύ

great

—

ἀκούοντες

having heard

—

magna

having heard

ܗܘܘ

having heard

ἀκούσαντες

having heard

—

ὅσα

as much as

—

audientes

as much as

—

ὅσα

as much as

—

ἐποίει

He was doing

εποιει

quae

quæ

He was doing

ܟܠ

He was doing

ἐποίει

He was doing

—

ἦλθον

came

—

facieban

faciebat

came

ܕܥܒܕ

came

ἦλθον

came

—

πρὸς

προς

uenerunt

venerunt

ܐܬܘ

πρὸς

—

αὐτόν.¶

Him.

αυτον

Him.

ܠܘܬܗ

Him.

αὐτόν

Him.

Next Fragment: Mark 4:33

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 3:8

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 3:8

Translation Lineage