The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | — | | | ihs | Jesus | And | ܘܝܫܘܥ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | autem | autem | Jesus | ܥܡ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | μετὰ | with | μετα | | | cum | cum | with | ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | with | ἀνεχώρησεν | with | ||||||
| — | τῶν | the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | μετὰ | the | ||||||
| — | μαθητῶν | disciples | μαθητων | | | discipulis | discipulis | disciples | — | — | τῶν | disciples | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | of Him | αυτου | | | suis | suis | of Him | ܐܙܠ | of Him | μαθητῶν | of Him | ||||||
| — | ἀνεχώρησεν | withdrew | ανεχωρησεν | | | secessit | secessit | withdrew | ܠܗ | withdrew | αὐτοῦ | withdrew | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | to | — | | | ad | ad | to | ܠܘܬ | to | πρὸς | to | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | θάλασσαν, | sea, | θαλασσαν | | | marem | mare | sea, | ܝܡܐ | sea, | θάλασσαν | sea, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | πολὺ | great | πολυς | | | multa | multa | great | ܘܥܡܐ | great | πολὺ | great | ||||||
| — | πλῆθος | a multitude | — | | | turba | turba | a multitude | ܤܓܝܐܐ | a multitude | πλῆθος | a multitude | ||||||
| — | ἀπὸ | from | απο | | | a | a | from | ܡܢ | from | ἀπὸ | from | ||||||
| — | τῆς | <the> | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | <the> | ||||||
| — | Γαλιλαίας | Galilee | γαλειλαιας | | | galilaea | Galilæa | Galilee | ܓܠܝܠܐ | Galilee | Γαλιλαίας | Galilee | ||||||
| — | ἠκολούθησεν | followed | — | | | et | et | followed | ܢܩܦܗ | followed | ἠκολούθησαν | followed | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | him | — | | | iudaea | Judæa | him | — | — | αὐτῷ | him | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | secuta | and | ܗܘܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἀπὸ | from | — | | | — | est | from | ܘܡܢ | from | ἀπὸ | from | ||||||
| — | τῆς | <the> | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰουδαίας | Judea | ιουδαιας | | | — | eum | Judea | ܝܗܘܕ | Judea | Ἰουδαίας | Judea | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||