The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܢ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | εἰ | if | — | | | si | si | if | ܗܘ | if | εἰ | if | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | satanas | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | σατανᾶς | Satan | σατανας | | | satanan | consurrexerit | Satan | ܕܤܛܢܐ | Satan | Σατανᾶς | Satan | ||||||
| — | ἀνέστη | has risen up | — | | | eicit | in | has risen up | ܩܡ | has risen up | ἀνέστη | has risen up | ||||||
| — | ἐφ᾽ | against | εφ | | | se | semetipsum | against | ܥܠ | against | ἐφ’ | against | ||||||
| — | ἑαυτὸν | himself | εαυτον | | | dispertitur | dispertitus | himself | ܢܦܫܗ | himself | ἑαυτὸν | himself | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | super | est | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἐμερίσθη, | was divided, | — | | | — | et | was divided, | ܘܐܬܦܠܓ | was divided, | μεμέρισται | was divided, | ||||||
| — | οὐ | not | ου | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | οὐ | not | ||||||
| — | δύναται | he is able | δυναται | | | potest | poterit | he is able | ܡܫܟܚ | he is able | δύναται | he is able | ||||||
| — | στῆναι | to stand | — | | | stare | stare | to stand | ܠܡܩܡ | to stand | σταθῆναι | to stand | ||||||
| — | ἀλλὰ | but | αλλα | | | sed | sed | but | ܐܠܐ | but | ἀλλὰ | but | ||||||
| — | τέλος | an end | τελος | | | finem | finem | an end | ܚܪܬܗ | an end | τέλος | an end | ||||||
| — | ἔχει. | is coming to. | εχει | | | habet | habet | is coming to. | ܗܝ | is coming to. | ἔχει | is coming to. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||