The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܫܡܥܘ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἀκούσαντες | having heard of it | — | | | cum | cum | having heard of it | ܐܚܝܢܘܗܝ | having heard of it | ἀκούσαντες | having heard of it | ||||||
| — | οἱ | those | — | | | audissent | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | ||||||
| — | παρ᾽ | belonging to | — | | | de | sui | belonging to | ܘܢܦܩܘ | belonging to | παρ’ | belonging to | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | Him | αυτου | | | exierunt | exierunt | Him | ܠܡܐܚܕܗ | Him | αὐτοῦ | Him | ||||||
| — | ἐξῆλθον | went out | εξηλθον | | | tenere | tenere | went out | ܐܡܪܝܢ | went out | ἐξῆλθον | went out | ||||||
| — | κρατῆσαι | to seize | κρατησαι | | | eum | eum | to seize | — | — | κρατῆσαι | to seize | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν· | Him; | αυτον | | | dicebant | dicebant | Him; | ܗܘܘ | Him; | αὐτόν | Him; | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγον | they were saying | ελεγον | | | enim | enim | they were saying | ܓܝܪ | they were saying | ἔλεγον | they were saying | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | quoniam | Quoniam | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | scribae | in | that | ܗܘܢܗ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | ἐξέστη. | He is crazy. | — | | | — | furorem | He is crazy. | ܢܦܩ | He is crazy. | Ἐξέστη | He is crazy. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||