The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Ὁ | <the> | ο | | | pilatus | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | But | δε | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | But | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | autem | autem | but/however | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | οὐκέτι | no longer | ουκετι | | | amplius | amplius | ? | ܡܕܡ | no longer | οὐκέτι | no longer | ||||||
| — | οὐδὲν | no thing | ουδεν | | | nihil | nihil | ? | ܦܬܓܡܐ | no thing | οὐδὲν | no thing | ||||||
| — | ἀπεκρίθη | answered | απεκριθη | | | respondit | respondit | answered | ܠܐ | answered | ἀπεκρίθη | answered | ||||||
| — | ὥστε | so as | ωστε | | | ita | ita | ? | ܝܗܒ | so as | ὥστε | so as | ||||||
| — | θαυμάζειν | to amaze | θαυμαζειν | | | ut | ut | that/so that | ܐܝܟܢܐ | to amaze | θαυμάζειν | to amaze | ||||||
| — | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | ||||||
| — | Πιλᾶτον. | Pilate. | πειλατον | | | miraretur | Pilatus | ? | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | Pilate. | Πιλάτον | Pilate. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||