The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܟܕ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἤδη | already | ηδη | | | cum | cum | already | — | — | ἤδη | already | ||||||
| — | ὀψίας | when evening | οψιας | | | iam | jam | when evening | ܗܘܐ | when evening | ὀψίας | when evening | ||||||
| — | γενομένης, | having arrived, | γενομενης | | | sero | sero | having arrived, | ܪܡܫܐ | having arrived, | γενομένης | having arrived, | ||||||
| — | ἐπεὶ | since | επι | | | esset | esset | since | — | — | ἐπεὶ | since | ||||||
| — | ἦν | it was the | ην | | | factum | factum | it was the | ܕܥܪܘܒܬܐ | it was the | ἦν | it was the | ||||||
| — | παρασκευὴ | Preparation | παρασκευη | | | quae | quia | Preparation | ܕܐܝܬܝܗ | Preparation | Παρασκευή | Preparation | ||||||
| — | ὅ | that | ο | | | erat | — | — | — | — | ὅ | that | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | parasceue | parasceve | is | ܩܕܡ | is | ἐστιν | is | ||||||
| — | προσάββατον, | before Sabbath | — | | | quod | quod | before Sabbath | ܫܒܬܐ | before Sabbath | προσάββατον | before Sabbath | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||