The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | αἳ | who | αι | | | et | — | — | — | — | αἳ | who | ||||||
| — | καί | and | και | | | cum | cum | and | ܕܟܕ | and | καί | and | ||||||
| — | ὅτε | when | οτε | | | esset | esset | when | ܗܘ | when | ὅτε | when | ||||||
| — | ἦν | He was | ην | | | in | in | He was | — | — | ἦν | He was | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | galilaea | Galilæa | in | ܒܓܠܝܠܐ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | <the> | τη | | | hierosolyma | Jerosolymam | <the> | — | — | τῇ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Γαλιλαίᾳ | Galilee | γαλιλαια | | | sequebatur | sequebantur | Galilee | ܢܩܝܦܢ | Galilee | Γαλιλαίᾳ | Galilee | ||||||
| — | ἠκολούθουν | were following | — | | | eum | eum | were following | ܗܘܝ | were following | ἠκολούθουν | were following | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | Him | αυτω | | | quae | et | Him | ܠܗ | Him | αὐτῷ | Him | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | ministrabant | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | διηκόνουν | they were ministering | — | | | — | ei | they were ministering | ܘܡܫܡܫܢ | they were ministering | διηκόνουν | they were ministering | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ, | to Him, | — | | | illo | et | to Him, | ܠܗ | to Him, | αὐτῷ | to Him, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | aliae | aliæ | and | ܘܐܚܪܢܝܬܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἄλλαι | other | αλλαι | | | multae | multæ | other | ܤܓܝܐܬܐ | other | ἄλλαι | other | ||||||
| — | πολλαὶ | many | — | | | quae | quæ | many | ܕܤܠܩ | many | πολλαὶ | many | ||||||
| — | αἱ | those | αι | | | — | — | — | — | — | αἱ | those | ||||||
| — | συναναβᾶσαι | having come up | συναναβασαι | | | simul | simul | having come up | — | — | συναναβᾶσαι | having come up | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | with Him | αυτω | | | cum | cum | with Him | ܗܘܝ | with Him | αὐτῷ | with Him | ||||||
| — | εἰς | to | εις | | | in | eo | to | ܥܡܗ | to | εἰς | to | ||||||
| — | Ἱεροσόλυμα.¶ | Jerusalem. | ϊεροσολυμα | | | ascenderat | ascenderant | Jerusalem. | ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ | Jerusalem. | Ἱεροσόλυμα | Jerusalem. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||