The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | missa | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | But | δε | | | ihs | Jesus | But | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | But | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | autem | autem | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | ||||||
| — | ἀφεὶς | having uttered | αφεις | | | — | emissa | having uttered | ܩܥܐ | having uttered | ἀφεὶς | having uttered | ||||||
| — | φωνὴν | a cry | φωνην | | | uoce | voce | a cry | ܒܩܠܐ | a cry | φωνὴν | a cry | ||||||
| — | μεγάλην | loud | μεγαλην | | | magna | magna | loud | ܪܡܐ | loud | μεγάλην | loud | ||||||
| — | ἐξέπνευσεν.¶ | breathed His last. | εξεπνευσεν | | | expirauit | expiravit | breathed His last. | ܘܫܠܡ | breathed His last. | ἐξέπνευσεν | breathed His last. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||