The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καί | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܢܫܝܢ | And | Καί | And | ||||||
| — | τινες | some | τινες | | | quidam | quidam | some | ܕܫܡܥܘ | some | τινες | some | ||||||
| — | τῶν | of those | των | | | de | — | — | — | — | τῶν | of those | ||||||
| — | παρεστηκότων | having stood by | — | | | circumstantibus | circumstantibus | having stood by | ܗܢܘܢ | having stood by | παρεστηκότων | having stood by | ||||||
| — | ἀκούσαντες | listening | ακουσαντες | | | audientes | audientes | listening | ܕܩܝܡܝܢ | listening | ἀκούσαντες | listening | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγον· | were saying; | ελεγον | | | dixerunt | dicebant | were saying; | ܐܡܪܝܢ | were saying; | ἔλεγον | were saying; | ||||||
| — | ἴδε, | behold, | — | | | heliam | Ecce | behold, | ܗܘܘ | behold, | Ἰδού | behold, | ||||||
| — | Ἠλίαν | Elijah | ηλιαν | | | iste | Eliam | Elijah | ܠܐܠܝܐ | Elijah | Ἠλίαν | Elijah | ||||||
| — | φωνεῖ. | He calls. | φωνι | | | uocat | vocat | He calls. | ܩܪܐ | He calls. | φωνεῖ | He calls. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||