The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὁ | The | ο | | | ei | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | The | ||||||
| — | χριστός, | Christ, | — | | | xps | Christus | Christ, | ܡܫܝܚܐ | Christ, | χριστὸς | Christ, | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | istrahel | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλεὺς | King | βασιλευς | | | rex | rex | King | ܡܠܟܗ | King | βασιλεὺς | King | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰσραήλ, | of Israel, | ισραηλ | | | — | Israël | of Israel, | ܕܐܝܤܪܝܠ | of Israel, | Ἰσραὴλ | of Israel, | ||||||
| — | καταβάτω | he should descend | κατα | | | descendat | descendat | he should descend | ܢܚܘܬ | he should descend | καταβάτω | he should descend | ||||||
| — | νῦν | now | νυν | | | nunc | nunc | now | ܗܫܐ | now | νῦν | now | ||||||
| — | ἀπὸ | from | απο | | | de | de | from | ܡܢ | from | ἀπὸ | from | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | simul | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | σταυροῦ | cross | — | | | cruce | cruce | cross | ܙܩܝܦܐ | cross | σταυροῦ | cross | ||||||
| — | ἵνα | that | ϊνα | | | ut | ut | that | ܕܢܚܙܐ | that | ἵνα | that | ||||||
| — | ἴδωμεν | we may see | ϊδωμεν | | | uideamus | videamus | we may see | ܘܢܗܝܡܢ | we may see | ἴδωμεν | we may see | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܒܗ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | πιστεύσωμεν | may believe | πιστευσωμεν | | | credamus | credamus | may believe | ܘܐܦ | may believe | πιστεύσωμεν | may believe | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ. | in him. | αυτω | | | et | Et | in him. | ܗܢܘܢ | in him. | αὐτῷ | in him. | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | qui | qui | And | ܕܝܢ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | οἱ | those | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | ||||||
| — | συνεσταυρωμένοι | crucified | συνεσταυρωμενοι | | | cum | cum | crucified | ܕܙܩܝܦܝܢ | crucified | συνεσταυρωμένοι | crucified | ||||||
| — | σὺν | with | — | | | eo | eo | with | ܗܘܘ | with | αὐτῷ | with | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | Him | — | | | adfixi | crucifixi | Him | ܥܡܗ | Him | ὠνείδιζον | Him | ||||||
| — | ὠνείδιζον | were upbraiding | ωνιδιζον | | | erant | erant | were upbraiding | ܡܚܤܕܝܢ | were upbraiding | αὐτόν | were upbraiding | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν.¶ | Him. | αυτον | | | conuiciabantur | convitiabantur | Him. | ܗܘܘ | Him. | αὐτόν.¶ | Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||