The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܝܗܒܘ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἐδίδουν | they were offering | εδιδουν | | | dabant | dabant | they were offering | ܠܗ | they were offering | ἐδίδουν | they were offering | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | Him | αυτω | | | ei | ei | Him | ܠܡܫܬܐ | Him | αὐτῷ | Him | ||||||
| — | πιεῖν | to drink | — | | | bibere | bibere | to drink | ܚܡܪܐ | to drink | πιεῖν | to drink | ||||||
| — | ἐσμυρνισμένον | mixed with myrrh | εσμυρνισμενον | | | murram | — | — | ܕܚܠܝܛ | mixed with myrrh | ἐσμυρνισμένον | mixed with myrrh | ||||||
| — | οἶνον· | wine; | οινον | | | cum | myrrhatum | wine; | ܒܗ | wine; | οἶνον | wine; | ||||||
| — | ὃς | He | — | | | uino | vinum | He | ܡܘܪܐ | He | ὁ | He | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | — | | | et | et | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܕܝܢ | not | οὐκ | not | ||||||
| — | ἔλαβεν.¶ | did take it. | ελαβεν | | | accepit | accepit | did take it. | ܠܐ | did take it. | ἔλαβεν | did take it. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||