The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | φέρουσιν | they bring | — | | | perduxerunt | perducunt | they bring | — | — | φέρουσιν | they bring | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | illum | Him | — | — | αὐτὸν | Him | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | to | επι | | | in | in | to | ܠܓܓܘܠܬܐ | to | ἐπὶ | to | ||||||
| — | τὸν | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | Γολγοθᾶ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Γολγοθᾶν | Golgotha | — | | | golgotha | Golgotha | Golgotha | — | — | τόπον | Golgotha | ||||||
| — | τόπον, | a place | τοπον | | | locum | locum | a place | ܕܘܟܬܐ | a place | ὅ | a place | ||||||
| — | ὅ | which | ο | | | quod | — | — | — | — | ἐστιν | which | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | est | est | is | — | — | μεθερμηνευόμενον | is | ||||||
| — | μεθερμηνευόμενον, | being translated, | μεθερμηνευομενον | | | interpraetatum | interpretatum | being translated, | ܕܡܬܦܫܩܐ | being translated, | Κρανίου | being translated, | ||||||
| — | κρανίου | of a Skull | κρανιου | | | caluariae | Calvariæ | of a Skull | — | — | Τόπος | of a Skull | ||||||
| — | τόπος. | Place. | τοπος | | | locus | locus | Place. | ܩܪܩܦܬܐ | Place. | τόπος. | Place. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||