The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ἐγίνωσκεν | He was aware | — | | | sciebat | Sciebat | He was aware | ܝܕܥ | He was aware | Ἐγίνωσκεν | He was aware | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quod | quod | that | ܓܝܪ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | διὰ | because of | δια | | | per | per | because of | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | because of | διὰ | because of | ||||||
| — | φθόνον | envy | φθονον | | | inuidiam | invidiam | envy | ܕܡܢ | envy | φθόνον | envy | ||||||
| — | παραδεδώκεισαν | had delivered up | — | | | tradidissent | tradidissent | had delivered up | ܚܤܡܐ | had delivered up | παραδεδώκεισαν | had delivered up | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܐܫܠܡܘܗܝ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | summi | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | ἀρχιερεῖς. | chief priests. | αρχιερεις | | | sacerdotes | sacerdotes | chief priests. | ܟܗܢܐ | chief priests. | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||