The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | stabant | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | But | δε | | | — | At | But | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | But | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | — | ille | again | ܕܝܢ | again | πάλιν | again | ||||||
| — | ἠρνεῖτο. | he was denying. | — | | | iterum | iterum | he was denying. | ܬܘܒ | he was denying. | ἠρνεῖτο | he was denying. | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | — | negavit | And | ܟܦܪ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | μετὰ | after | — | | | et | Et | after | ܘܒܬܪ | after | μετὰ | after | ||||||
| — | μικρὸν | a little | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | μικρὸν | a little | ||||||
| — | πάλιν | again | — | | | post | post | again | ܩܠܝܠ | again | πάλιν | again | ||||||
| — | οἱ | those | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | ||||||
| — | παρεστῶτες | having stood by | — | | | pusillum | pusillum | having stood by | ܬܘܒ | having stood by | παρεστῶτες | having stood by | ||||||
| — | ἔλεγον | were saying | — | | | — | rursus | were saying | ܗܢܘܢ | were saying | ἔλεγον | were saying | ||||||
| — | τῷ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Πέτρῳ· | to Peter; | — | | | qui | qui | to Peter; | ܕܩܝܡܝܢ | to Peter; | Πέτρῳ | to Peter; | ||||||
| — | ἀληθῶς | Truly | — | | | — | astabant | Truly | ܐܡܪܘ | Truly | Ἀληθῶς | Truly | ||||||
| — | ἐξ | of | — | | | dicebant | dicebant | of | ܠܟܐܦܐ | of | ἐξ | of | ||||||
| — | αὐτῶν | them | — | | | — | Petro | them | ܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ | them | αὐτῶν | them | ||||||
| — | εἶ· | you are; | — | | | uere | Vere | you are; | ܡܢܗܘܢ | you are; | εἶ | you are; | ||||||
| — | καὶ | also | και | | | ex | ex | also | ܐܢܬ | also | καὶ | also | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | — | | | illis | illis | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | Γαλιλαῖος | a Galilean | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | Γαλιλαῖος | a Galilean | ||||||
| — | εἶ | you are | — | | | es | es | you are | ܓܝܪ | you are | εἶ | you are | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | nam | and | ܓܠܝܠܝܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | λαλιά | speech | — | | | etenim | et | speech | ܐܢܬ | speech | λαλιά | speech | ||||||
| — | σου | of you | — | | | galilaeus | Galilæus | of you | ܘܡܡܠܠܟ | of you | σου | of you | ||||||
| — | ὁμοιάζει. | resembles. | — | | | es | es | resembles. | ܕܡܐ | resembles. | ὁμοιάζει | resembles. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||