The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὅτι | For | — | | | tradetur | Et | For | ܘܒܪܗ | For | Ὁ | For | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | homo | — | — | — | — | μὲν | <the> | ||||||
| — | μὲν | indeed | μεν | | | filius | Filius | indeed | ܕܐܢܫܐ | indeed | υἱὸς | indeed | ||||||
| — | υἱὸς | the Son | ϋιος | | | quidem | quidem | the Son | ܐܙܠ | the Son | τοῦ | the Son | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | illo | — | — | — | — | ἀνθρώπου | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | ανθρωπου | | | hominis | hominis | of Man | — | — | ὑπάγει | of Man | ||||||
| — | ὑπάγει | goes | — | | | — | vadit | goes | ܐܝܟܢܐ | goes | καθὼς | goes | ||||||
| — | καθὼς | even as | καθως | | | sicut | sicut | even as | ܕܟܬܝܒ | even as | γέγραπται | even as | ||||||
| — | γέγραπται | it has been written | — | | | scriptum | scriptum | it has been written | ܥܠܘܗܝ | it has been written | περὶ | it has been written | ||||||
| — | περὶ | concerning | περι | | | est | est | concerning | ܘܝ | concerning | αὐτοῦ | concerning | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ, | Him, | αυτου | | | de | de | Him, | ܕܝܢ | Him, | οὐαὶ | Him, | ||||||
| — | οὐαὶ | woe | ουαι | | | — | eo | woe | — | — | δὲ | woe | ||||||
| — | δὲ | however | δε | | | uae | væ | however | ܕܝܢ | but | τῷ | however | ||||||
| — | τῷ | to the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἀνθρώπῳ | to the | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπῳ | man | ανθρωπω | | | autem | autem | man | ܗܘ | man | ἐκείνῳ | man | ||||||
| — | ἐκείνῳ | that one | εκεινω | | | homini | homini | that one | ܕܒܐܝܕܗ | that one | δι’ | that one | ||||||
| — | δι᾽ | through | δι | | | illi | illi | through | ܡܫܬܠܡ | through | οὗ | through | ||||||
| — | οὗ | whom | ου | | | per | per | whom | ܒܪܗ | whom | ὁ | whom | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | υἱὸς | the | ||||||
| — | υἱὸς | Son | — | | | quem | quem | Son | ܕܐܢܫܐ | Son | τοῦ | Son | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | — | | | illi | — | — | — | — | ἀνθρώπου | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | — | | | — | Filius | of Man | — | — | παραδίδοται | of Man | ||||||
| — | παραδίδοται· | is betrayed; | — | | | — | hominis | is betrayed; | ܦܩܚ | is betrayed; | καλὸν | is betrayed; | ||||||
| — | καλὸν | better | καλον | | | tradetur | tradetur | better | ܗܘܐ | better | ἦν | better | ||||||
| — | ἦν | was | ην | | | bonum | bonum | was | ܠܗ | was | αὐτῷ | was | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | for him | αυτω | | | erat | erat | for him | ܠܓܒܪܐ | for him | εἰ | for him | ||||||
| — | εἰ | if | ει | | | — | ei | if | ܗܘ | if | οὐκ | if | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | si | si | not | — | — | ἐγεννήθη | not | ||||||
| — | ἐγεννήθη | was born | εγεννηθη | | | non | non | was born | ܐܠܘ | was born | ὁ | was born | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | ille | — | — | — | — | ἄνθρωπος | the | ||||||
| — | ἄνθρωπος | man | ανθρωπος | | | esset | esset | man | ܠܐ | man | ἐκεῖνος | man | ||||||
| — | ἐκεῖνος. | that. | εκεινος | | | natus | natus | that. | ܐܬܝܠܕ | that. | ἐκεῖνος. | that. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||