The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ἐγερθήσεται | Will rise up | εγερθησεται | | | insurget | Exsurget | Will rise up | ܢܩܘܡ | Will rise up | Ἐγερθήσεται | Will rise up | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | ἔθνος | nation | εθνος | | | gens | gens | nation | ܥܡܐ | nation | ἔθνος | nation | ||||||
| — | ἐπ᾽ | against | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἐπὶ | against | ||||||
| — | ἔθνος | nation | — | | | contra | contra | nation | ܥܠ | nation | ἔθνος | nation | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | gentem | gentem | and | ܥܡܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | βασιλεία | kingdom | — | | | et | et | kingdom | ܘܡܠܟܘ | kingdom | βασιλεία | kingdom | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | against | επι | | | regnum | regnum | against | ܥܠ | against | ἐπὶ | against | ||||||
| — | βασιλείαν· | kingdom; | — | | | — | super | kingdom; | ܡܠܟܘ | kingdom; | βασιλείαν | kingdom; | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | regnum | regnum | and | ܘܢܗܘܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἔσονται | There will be | εσονται | | | contra | — | — | — | — | ἔσονται | There will be | ||||||
| — | σεισμοὶ | earthquakes | σεισμοι | | | et | et | earthquakes | ܙܘܥܐ | earthquakes | σεισμοὶ | earthquakes | ||||||
| — | κατὰ | throughout | κατα | | | erunt | erunt | throughout | ܒܕܘܟܐ | throughout | κατὰ | throughout | ||||||
| — | τόπους· | places; | τοπους | | | terremota | terræmotus | places; | ܕܘܟܐ | places; | τόπους | places; | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | per | per | and | ܘܢܗܘܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἔσονται | there will be | — | | | loca | loca | there will be | ܟܦܢܐ | there will be | ἔσονται | there will be | ||||||
| — | λιμοί | famines | λειμοι | | | — | et | famines | ܘܫܓܘܫܝܐ | famines | λιμοὶ | famines | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ταραχαί· | disturbance; | — | | | famis | fames | disturbance; | ܗܠܝܢ | disturbance; | ταραχαί | disturbance; | ||||||
| — | ἀρχὴ | The beginning | αρχη | | | initium | Initium | The beginning | ܪܫܐ | The beginning | ἀρχαὶ | The beginning | ||||||
| — | ὠδίνων | of birth pains are | ωδεινων | | | dolorum | dolorum | of birth pains are | ܐܢܝܢ | of birth pains are | ὠδίνων | of birth pains are | ||||||
| — | ταῦτα.¶ | these. | ταυτα | | | haec | hæc | these. | ܕܚܒܠܐ | these. | ταῦτα | these. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||