The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܡܐ | And | Ὅταν | And | ||||||
| — | ὅταν | when | οταν | | | cum | cum | when | ܕܡܩܪܒܝܢ | when | δὲ | when | ||||||
| — | δὲ | now | — | | | produxerint | duxerint | now | ܕܝܢ | but | ἀγάγωσιν | now | ||||||
| — | ἄγωσιν | they may lead away | αγωσιν | | | uos | vos | they may lead away | ܕܝܢ | they may lead away | ὑμᾶς | they may lead away | ||||||
| — | ὑμᾶς | you | ϋμας | | | tradentes | tradentes | you | ܕܢܫܠܡܘܢܟܘܢ | you | παραδιδόντες | you | ||||||
| — | παραδιδόντες, | delivering you up, | παραδιδοντες | | | — | — | — | ܠܐ | delivering you up, | μὴ | delivering you up, | ||||||
| — | μὴ | not | μη | | | nolite | nolite | not | ܬܩܕܡܘܢ | not | προμεριμνᾶτε | not | ||||||
| — | προμεριμνᾶτε | do be anxious beforehand | προμεριμνατε | | | — | præcogitare | do be anxious beforehand | — | — | τί | do be anxious beforehand | ||||||
| — | τί | what | τι | | | quid | quid | what | ܬܐܨܦܘܢ | what | λαλήσητε | what | ||||||
| — | λαλήσητε | you may say | λαλησητε | | | loquamini | loquamini | you may say | ܡܢܐ | you may say | μηδὲ | you may say | ||||||
| — | μηδὲ | nor | — | | | sed | sed | nor | ܬܡܠܠܘܢ | nor | μελετᾶτε | nor | ||||||
| — | μελετᾶτε· | do devise; | — | | | quod | quod | do devise; | ܘܠܐ | do devise; | ἀλλ’ | do devise; | ||||||
| — | ἀλλ᾽ | but | — | | | datum | datum | but | ܬܪܢܘܢ | but | ὃ | but | ||||||
| — | ὃ | whatever | — | | | uobis | — | — | — | — | ἐὰν | whatever | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | if | — | | | cogitare | — | — | ܡܕܡ | if | δοθῇ | if | ||||||
| — | δοθῇ | shall be given | — | | | fuerit | fuerit | shall be given | ܕܡܬܝܗܒ | shall be given | ὑμῖν | shall be given | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν | to you | — | | | in | in | to you | ܠܟܘܢ | to you | ἐν | to you | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | — | | | illa | illa | in | ܒܗܝ | in | ἐκείνῃ | in | ||||||
| — | ἐκείνῃ | that very | — | | | hora | hora | that very | ܫܥܬܐ | that very | τῇ | that very | ||||||
| — | τῇ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὥρᾳ | <the> | ||||||
| — | ὥρᾳ, | hour, | — | | | — | id | hour, | ܗܘ | hour, | τοῦτο | hour, | ||||||
| — | τοῦτο | that | — | | | loquimini | loquimini | that | ܡܠܠܘ | that | λαλεῖτε | that | ||||||
| — | λαλεῖτε· | do speak; | — | | | non | non | do speak; | ܠܐ | do speak; | οὐ | do speak; | ||||||
| — | οὐ | not | — | | | enim | enim | not | — | — | γάρ | not | ||||||
| — | γάρ | for | — | | | uos | vos | for | ܓܝܪ | for | ἐστε | for | ||||||
| — | ἐστε | are | — | | | hoc | — | — | ܓܝܪ | are | ὑμεῖς | are | ||||||
| — | ὑμεῖς | you yourselves | — | | | — | estis | you yourselves | ܐܢܬܘܢ | you yourselves | οἱ | you yourselves | ||||||
| — | οἱ | those | — | | | eritis | — | — | — | — | λαλοῦντες | those | ||||||
| — | λαλοῦντες | speaking | — | | | loquentes | loquentes | speaking | ܡܡܠܠܝܢ | speaking | ἀλλὰ | speaking | ||||||
| — | ἀλλὰ | but | αλλα | | | sed | sed | but | ܐܠܐ | but | τὸ | but | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | πνεῦμα | the | ||||||
| — | πνεῦμα | Spirit | πνα | | | — | Spiritus | Spirit | ܪܘܚܐ | Spirit | τὸ | Spirit | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | το | | | sps | — | — | — | — | ἅγιον | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἅγιον. | Holy. | αγιον | | | sanctus | Sanctus | Holy. | ܕܩܘܕܫܐ | Holy. | ἅγιον. | Holy. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||