The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ἑπτὰ | Seven | — | | | septem | Septem | Seven | ܫܒܥܐ | Seven | Ἑπτὰ | Seven | ||||||
| — | ἀδελφοὶ | brothers | — | | | ergo | ergo | brothers | ܐܚܝܢ | brothers | ἀδελφοὶ | brothers | ||||||
| — | ἦσαν· | there were; | ησαν | | | fratres | fratres | there were; | ܐܝܬ | there were; | ἦσαν | there were; | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | fuerunt | erant | and | ܗܘܘ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | et | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | πρῶτος | first | πρωτος | | | primus | primus | first | ܩܕܡܝܐ | first | πρῶτος | first | ||||||
| — | ἔλαβεν | took | ελαβεν | | | accepit | accepit | took | — | — | ἔλαβεν | took | ||||||
| — | γυναῖκα | a wife | γυναικα | | | uxorem | uxorem | a wife | ܢܤܒ | a wife | γυναῖκα | a wife | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܢܬܬܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἀποθνῄσκων | dying | — | | | mortuus | mortuus | dying | ܘܡܝܬ | dying | ἀποθνῄσκων | dying | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | est | est | not | ܘܠܐ | not | οὐκ | not | ||||||
| — | ἀφῆκεν | he left | αφηκεν | | | non | non | he left | ܫܒܩ | he left | ἀφῆκεν | he left | ||||||
| — | σπέρμα. | seed. | σπερμα | | | reliquid | relicto | seed. | ܙܪܥܐ | seed. | σπέρμα | seed. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 12:24 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||