The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειπενP45 · P75 | Said | εἶπεν | Said | ειπεν | | | dixit | Dixit | Said | ܐܡܪ | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | |||||
δεP45 · P75 | then | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | |||||
αυτωιP45 · P75 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | illi | illi | to him | ܕܝܢ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | |||||
οP45 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | ds | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
θσP45 · P75 | God; | θεός· | God; | — | | | — | Deus | God; | ܐܠܗܐ | God; | θεός | God; | |||||
αφρωνP45 · P75 | Fool! | ἄφρων, | Fool! | αφρων | | | stulte | Stulte | Fool! | ܚܤܝܪ | Fool! | Ἄφρον | Fool! | |||||
ταυτηιP45 · P75 | On this | ταύτῃ | On this | ταυτη | | | — | hac | On this | ܪܥܝܢܐ | On this | ταύτῃ | On this | |||||
τηιP45 · P75 | <the> | τῇ | <the> | τη | | | petunt | — | — | — | — | τῇ | <the> | |||||
νυκτιP45 · P75 | night | νυκτὶ | night | νυκτι | | | nocte | nocte | night | ܒܗܢܐ | night | νυκτὶ | night | |||||
τηνP45 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
ψυχηνP45 · P75 | soul | ψυχήν | soul | — | | | animam | animam | soul | ܠܠܝܐ | soul | ψυχήν | soul | |||||
σουP45 · P75 | of you | σου | of you | — | | | tuam | tuam | of you | — | — | σου | of you | |||||
απαιτουσινP45 · P75 | is required | ἀπαιτοῦσιν | is required | απαιτουσιν | | | ergo | repetunt | is required | ܢܦܫܟ | is required | ἀπαιτοῦσιν | is required | |||||
αποP45 · P75 | of | ἀπὸ | of | — | | | ac | a | of | ܬܒܥܝܢ | of | ἀπὸ | of | |||||
σουP45 · P75 | you. | σοῦ. | you. | σου | | | te | te | you. | ܠܗ | you. | σοῦ | you. | |||||
αP45 · P75 | what | ἃ | what | α | | | quae | quæ | what | ܡܢܟ | what | ἃ | what | |||||
δεP45 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | — | | | a | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
ητοιμασασP45 · P75 | you did prepare — | ἡτοίμασας, | you did prepare — | ητοιμασας | | | parasti | parasti | you did prepare — | ܕܛܝܒܬ | you did prepare — | ἡτοίμασας | you did prepare — | |||||
τινιP45 · P75 | to whom | τίνι | to whom | — | | | cuius | cujus | to whom | ܠܡܢ | to whom | τίνι | to whom | |||||
εσταιP45 · P75 | will it be? | ἔσται; | will it be? | εσται | | | erunt | erunt | will it be? | ܢܗܘܝܢ | will it be? | ἔσται | will it be? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||