The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ἀμὴν | Amen | αμην | | | amen | Amen | Amen | ܐܡܝܢ | truly | Ἀμὴν | Amen | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | — | | | dico | dico | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | λέγω | I say | λεγω | | | uobis | vobis | I say | — | — | λέγω | I say | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν | to you | ϋμειν | | | aesitauerit | — | — | ܐܡܪ | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | — | | | — | quia | that | ܐܢܐ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | ὃς | whoever | ος | | | quicumque | quicumque | whoever | ܠܟܘܢ | whoever | ὃς | whoever | ||||||
| — | ἂν | maybe | αν | | | dixerit | dixerit | maybe | ܕܡܢ | maybe | ἂν | maybe | ||||||
| — | εἴπῃ | may say | ειπη | | | huic | huic | may say | — | — | εἴπῃ | may say | ||||||
| — | τῷ | to the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | to the | ||||||
| — | ὄρει | mountain | ορει | | | monti | monti | mountain | ܕܢܐܡܪ | mountain | ὄρει | mountain | ||||||
| — | τούτῳ· | this; | τουτω | | | — | — | — | ܠܛܘܪܐ | this; | τούτῳ | this; | ||||||
| — | ἄρθητι | do be taken away | αρθητι | | | tollere | Tollere | do be taken away | ܗܢܐ | do be taken away | Ἄρθητι | do be taken away | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | βλήθητι | do be cast | βληθητι | | | mittere | mittere | do be cast | ܕܐܫܬܩܠ | do be cast | βλήθητι | do be cast | ||||||
| — | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | ܘܦܠ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
| — | τὴν | the | την | | | futurum | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
| — | θάλασσαν, | sea,’ | θαλασσαν | | | mare | mare | sea,’ | ܒܝܡܐ | sea,’ | θάλασσαν | sea,’ | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | — | — | — | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | μὴ | not | μη | | | et | et | not | ܘܠܐ | not | μὴ | not | ||||||
| — | διακριθῇ | may doubt | διακριθης | | | non | non | may doubt | ܢܬܦܠܓ | may doubt | διακριθῇ | may doubt | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | — | hæsitaverit | in | ܒܠܒܗ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | καρδίᾳ | heart | καρδια | | | in | in | heart | ܐܠܐ | heart | καρδίᾳ | heart | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | of him | αυτου | | | corde | corde | of him | — | — | αὐτοῦ | of him | ||||||
| — | ἀλλὰ | but | αλλα | | | suo | suo | but | ܐܠܐ | but | ἀλλὰ | but | ||||||
| — | πιστεύῃ | may believe | — | | | — | — | — | ܕܗܘܐ | may believe | πιστεύσῃ | may believe | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | — | | | sed | sed | that | ܗܘ | that | ὅτι | that | ||||||
| — | ὃ | what | ο | | | crediderit | — | — | — | — | ἃ | what | ||||||
| — | λαλεῖ | he says | — | | | erit | quia | he says | ܡܕܡ | he says | λέγει | he says | ||||||
| — | γίνεται, | takes place, | — | | | quodcumque | quodcumque | takes place, | ܕܐܡܪ | takes place, | γίνεται | takes place, | ||||||
| — | ἔσται | it will be done | — | | | dixerit | dixerit | it will be done | ܢܗܘܐ | it will be done | ἔσται | it will be done | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | for him | — | | | — | — | — | ܠܗ | for him | αὐτῷ | for him | ||||||
| — | ὃ | what | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὃ | what | ||||||
| — | ἐὰν | maybe | — | | | — | fiet | maybe | ܡܕܡ | maybe | ἐὰν | maybe | ||||||
| — | εἴπῃ.¶ | he shall say. | ειπη | | | illi | ei | he shall say. | ܕܐܡܪ | he shall say. | εἴπῃ | he shall say. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||