The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | summi | Quo | And | ܘܫܡܥܘ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἤκουσαν | heard it | ηκουσαν | | | audierunt | audito | heard it | ܪܒܝ | heard it | ἤκουσαν | heard it | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | αρχειερεις | | | et | principes | chief priests | ܟܗܢܐ | chief priests | γραμματεῖς | chief priests | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | sacerdotes | sacerdotum | and | ܘܤܦܪܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | γραμματεῖς | scribes | γραμματεις | | | et | et | scribes | ܘܒܥܝܢ | scribes | ἀρχιερεῖς | scribes | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | — | | | scribae | scribæ | and | — | — | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἐζήτουν | they were seeking | εζητουν | | | quaerebant | quærebant | they were seeking | ܗܘܘ | they were seeking | ἐζήτουν | they were seeking | ||||||
| — | πῶς | how | πως | | | quomodo | quomodo | how | ܕܐܝܟܢܐ | how | πῶς | how | ||||||
| — | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܢܘܒܕܘܢܝܗܝ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | ||||||
| — | ἀπολέσωσιν· | they may destroy; | απολεσωσιν | | | perderent | perderent | they may destroy; | ܕܚܠܝܢ | they may destroy; | ἀπολέσωσιν | they may destroy; | ||||||
| — | ἐφοβοῦντο | they were afraid of | εφοβουντο | | | timebant | timebant | they were afraid of | ܗܘܘ | they were afraid of | ἐφοβοῦντο | they were afraid of | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | αὐτόν, | Him, | αυτον | | | — | eum | Him, | ܡܢܗ | Him, | αὐτόν | Him, | ||||||
| — | πᾶς | all | πας | | | quoniam | quoniam | all | ܡܛܠ | all | ὅτι | all | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | — | | | illum | universa | for | ܓܝܪ | for | πᾶς | for | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | ὄχλος | crowd | οχλος | | | turba | turba | crowd | ܕܟܠܗ | crowd | ὄχλος | crowd | ||||||
| — | ἐξεπλήσσετο | was astonished | εξεπλησσετο | | | admirabatur | admirabatur | was astonished | ܥܡܐ | was astonished | ἐξεπλήσσετο | was astonished | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | at | επι | | | super | super | at | ܬܡܝܗܝܢ | at | ἐπὶ | at | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | τη | | | omnia | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | διδαχῇ | teaching | διδαχη | | | doctrina | doctrina | teaching | ܗܘܘ | teaching | διδαχῇ | teaching | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ.¶ | of Him. | αυτου | | | eius | ejus | of Him. | ܒܝܘܠܦܢܗ | of Him. | αὐτοῦ | of Him. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||