The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܢܗܘܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἔσονται | will be | εσονται | | | erunt | erunt | will be | ܬܪܝܗܘܢ | will be | ἔσονται | will be | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | duo | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | δύο | two | — | | | in | in | two | ܚܕ | two | δύο | two | ||||||
| — | εἰς | for | εις | | | carne | carne | for | — | — | εἰς | for | ||||||
| — | σάρκα | flesh | σαρκα | | | una | una | flesh | ܒܤܪ | flesh | σάρκα | flesh | ||||||
| — | μίαν | one’ | μιαν | | | itaquae | Itaque | one’ | ܡܟܝܠ | one’ | μίαν | one’ | ||||||
| — | ὥστε | Therefore | ωστε | | | — | jam | Therefore | ܠܐ | Therefore | Ὥστε | Therefore | ||||||
| — | οὐκέτι | no longer | ουκετι | | | non | non | no longer | ܗܘܘ | no longer | οὐκέτι | no longer | ||||||
| — | εἰσὶν | they are | εισιν | | | sunt | sunt | they are | ܬܪܝܢ | they are | εἰσὶν | they are | ||||||
| — | δύο | two | — | | | duo | duo | two | — | — | δύο | two | ||||||
| — | ἀλλὰ | but | αλλα | | | sed | sed | but | ܐܠܐ | but | ἀλλὰ | but | ||||||
| — | μία | one | μια | | | una | una | one | ܚܕ | one | μία | one | ||||||
| — | σάρξ. | flesh. | σαρξ | | | caro | caro | flesh. | ܒܤܪ | flesh. | σάρξ | flesh. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||